西北沙地深沟栽植葡萄抗旱抗寒机理研究

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1、分类号S663.1学校代码10129UDC635学号2010202033西北沙地深沟栽植葡萄抗旱抗寒机理研究StudyonDroughtandColdResistanceMechanismofGrapePlantedinDeepGrooveonNorthwestSandyLand申请人：李爽学科门类：农学学科专业：果树学研究方向：果树生理生态与栽培指导教师：李连国教授论文提交日期：二〇一三年六月摘要实验采用深沟栽植和平栽对照两种方式，以‘京亚’、‘红地球’、‘赤霞珠’和‘梅鹿辄’葡萄为实验材料，测定葡萄在干旱处理下两种不同栽植方式的光合作用和生理指标；

2、同时研究深沟栽植葡萄越冬覆膜方式对根际土壤温度的影响。实验结果如下：（1）随着干旱胁迫的加深，深沟栽植葡萄根际土壤能够保持较高含水量，而平栽对照方式则迅速下降，深沟栽植保水能力明显高于平栽对照。（2）干旱处理条件下，两种栽植方式的葡萄光合指标有明显差异，深沟栽植葡萄能够保持较高的光合速率；而平栽对照方式光合速率明显降低。（3）随着干旱胁迫的进行，两种栽植方式葡萄叶片的叶片含水量、叶绿素含量、丙二醛含量和细胞膜透性均不相同，深沟栽植方式有利于维持植株生理指标正常。（4）在水分充足，其他条件均相同的条件下比较两种栽植方式的光合日变化的规律，看出深沟栽植在一

3、定程度上能有效控制温度过高，提高空气湿度，从而缓解了光合午休现象，对植物进行正常的光合作用有利。（5）采用深沟栽植双膜覆盖方式防寒越冬，满足了葡萄根系越冬所需的温度，实验测得温度均在-5℃以上。深沟栽植积温也远远大于外界积温，对葡萄提前萌芽有利。关键词：深沟；葡萄；抗旱；抗寒；光合作用StudyonDroughtandColdResistanceMechanismofGrapePlantedinDeepGrooveonNorthwestSandyLandAbstractTodeterminethephotosynthesisandphysiologic

4、alindicatorsofgrapesunderdroughtstress,theexperimentwasconductedintwowaysofdeepgrooveplantingandflatplantingusinggrapecultivars„Jingya‟,„RedGlobe‟,„CabernetSauvignon‟and„Merlot‟asexperimentalmaterials.Meanwhile,theeffectofoverwinterproductionsystemsonrhizospheresoiltemperaturewa

5、salsostudied.Theresultswereasfollows:(1)Withthedeepeningofdroughtstress,therhizosphereofgrapeatdeepgrooveplantingcanmaintainahighwatercontent.Thesoilwatercontentofflatplantingdeclinedrapidly.Thewaterretentioncapacityofdeepgrooveplantingwassignificantlyhigherthantheflatplanting.(

6、2)Thephotosyntheticindicatorsofgrapesweresignificantlydifferentatdifferentproductionsystemsunderdroughtstress.Thedeepgrooveplantingwasabletomaintainahighphotosyntheticrate,whilethephotosyntheticratewassignificantlyreducedatflatplanting.(3)Withthedroughtstress,thephysiologicalind

7、icators,watercontent,chlorophyllcontent,malondialdehydecontentandmembranepermeabilityofgrapeleavesweredifferentintwoplantingways.Thedeepgrooveplantingwassuperiorinmaintainingthenormalgrowthofplants.(4)Undertheconditionofsufficientwater,thediurnalvariationofphotosynthesisbetweend

8、eepgrooveplantingandflatplantingwascomparedinth