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1、PRE-PRINTVersion(August25,2004)©AllRightsReserved.WillbePublishedinTheInformationSociety21(1)CulturedTechnology:InternetandReligiousFundamentalismKarineBarzilai-Nahon*,GadBarzilai**Abstract:Thispaperpresentsatheoreticalframeworktounderstandtherelationshipbetweenreligiousf
2、undamentalistcommunitiesandtheInternet,throughaddressingfourdimensionsoftensionsandchallenges:hierarchy,patriarchy,discipline,andseclusion.Wedeveloptheconceptofculturedtechnology,andanalyzethewayscommunitiesreshapetechnologyandmakeitaspartoftheirculture,whileontheotherhan
3、dallowingthistechnologytomakecertainchangesintheircustomarywayoflifeandintheirunwrittenlaws.Later,weexemplifyourtheoreticalframeworkthroughanempiricalexaminationofultra-OrthodoxJewishcommunitiesinIsrael.Ourempiricalstudyisbasedonoriginaldatasetof686,192usersand60,346virtu
4、alcommunities,whilealsorelyingonextensiveliteraturereviewandsecondarydata.TheresultsshowthecomplexityofinteractionsbetweenreligiousfundamentalismandInternet,andinvitefurtherdiscussionsofculturedtechnologyasameanstoadaptInternetandtobeadaptedintoitinvariouscommunitiesthati
5、nclinetochallengetechnologicalinnovations.Keywords:culturedtechnology,localization,virtualcommunities,religiousfundamentalism,onlineinteractions,controlandcensorship,hierarchy,patriarchy,discipline,socialcapital,digitaldivide,cyberspace.1Introduction:Theinteractionbetween
6、innovativeinformationtechnology(thereafter:IT)andreligionisoftenperceivedascontradictory,especiallywhenitisreligionatitsmostconservativepractice.Themostprominentlyperceivedconflictisbetweenreligiousfundamentalismandtelecommunications,sincecyberspace,throughthedevelopmento
7、fbothlocalandglobalnetworksandsoftware,hasexpandedimmensely.YetreligionsremainasmeaningfulwaysoflifearoundtheglobeandarenotexcludedfromtheInternet(HojsgaardandWarburg,2004forthcoming,,HaddenandCowan,2000,,DawsonandCowan,2004forthcoming).WhileinternationalandnationalITpoli
8、ciespromotetheglobalizationandlocalizationofInternetstandardsandapplications,localreligiouscommu
