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1、TheartofsystemsarchitectingTbedesignofcomplexningtoend.Thesystemsthathavefailed-Example:Thedesignofamannedspaceflightwhethertechnologically,politically,orprogram,astrategicdefensesystem,anation-systemsmustblendeconomically-lackedtheseessentials.alwideba
2、ndcommunicationnetwork,anair-Suchconclusionsarenotnew.Similarline,oralightrailsystemisstronglyinfluencedtbeartofarcbitectureoneshavebeendrawnoverthecenturiesbyextra-technicalimperatives-economic,witbtbescienceofaboutpyramids,cathedrals,cities,ships,andh
3、uman,social,political,andinternational.fortiiications.Whatisnewisthatthosecon-Theseimperativesmustbeincludedinthede-engineeringclusionsarenowbeingseenasrelevanttosignorthesystemwillfailorabort,quitepos-theengineeringofelectrotechnicalsystems.siblywellbe
4、forecompletion.Placingthemewengineerswouldbesur-Systemsengineeringandarchitectmgare“outside”thesystemfordesignpurposesprised,today,toseethebroughttogetherbycertaincommonprin-coulddestroyanychanceofsuccess.word“architecture”inciples.Eachisconcernedwithco
5、mplexityThearchitect’staskismadeparticularlytheirprofessionaljournals;andreliability-systemsengineeringbe-difficultbythefactthatrarely,ifever,isnorwouldtheyhavetocauseofitsnatureandarchitectingbecausethereasingleoptimalsolutionforallpartiesthinktwiceabo
6、utitsmean-ofitsscope.Theformofasystemisstronglyandallcircumstances.Theobjective,in-ing.Architectureisunder-drivenbythefunctionsitiscalledupontostead,isakindofgeneralsatisfactionbasedstoodtobetheunderlyingperform.Architectingdefinesthatformbyonpracticali
7、ty,fit,balance,andcompromise.structureofthings-whetherofbuildings,matchmg,fitbng,balancing,andcompromis-Asexperiencedarchitectswillaffii,thatcommunicationnetworks,neuralnetworks,ingproposedfunctionsandformsuntilatakesbothscienceandart.spacecraft,compute
8、rs,softwareororgani-practicalresultcanbeachieved.Thesecondarchitecturallyrelevantcon-zationcharts-systemsall.SYSTEMSPRINCIPLES.OurfirstfocusisonsequenceofourdefinitionofsystemistheLessrecognized,perhaps,isthatwheretheprinciplesof
