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1、HarvardBusinessSchool9-482-056Rev.June24,1982AirTrafficControllersOnAugust3,1981,approximately12,000employeesofthefederalgovernmentwentonstrike.Thestrikerswereairtrafficcontrollers,employedbytheFederalAviationAdministration(FAA)andmembersoftheProfessionalAirTrafficControllersOrganization(P
2、ATCO),anAFL-CIOaffiliate.Althoughthejobactionviolatedfederallawsprohibitingstrikesbygovernmentemployees,thepresidentoftheunionwasonrecordassaying,"Theonlyillegalstrikeisanunsuccessfulone."Withinhours,thePresidentoftheUnitedStatesannouncedthatanystrikingcontrollerwhofailedtoreportbacktowork
3、within48hourswouldbefired.Threedayslater,with12,000dismissalnoticesinthemail,theSecretaryofTransportationannounced,"AsfarasI'mconcerned,it'sanonstrikesituation.It'sover.Ourconcernisrebuildingthesystem."Buttherebuildingtaskwouldnotbeaneasyone.TheLosAngelesTimesestimatedthatthecurtailmentofa
4、irtrafficnecessitatedbytheseverereductioninthenumberofcontrollerswascostingtheeconomyanywherefromonetosixbilliondollars,withthenumberoflayoffsintheairlineindustryexpectedtoriseabove10,000.ThentherewastheproblemoftrainingqualifiedcontrollerstoreplacePATCO'smembers.TheFAA'strainingcenterinOk
5、lahomaCitytripleditseffortsdespiteashortageofqualifiedtrainers.Admissionrequirementswereloweredforapplicants,andthefailureratefortraineesintheprogramshotupdramatically.Fourmonthsafterthestrikeandlayoffs,therewerestilllingeringquestionsabouthowandwhenthesystemcouldberebuilttooperateatfullle
6、velsofefficiencyandsafety.CriticsoftheAdministration'sactionswonderedoutloudwhattheFAAwasdoingdifferentlysothatsuchproblemswouldnotrecursometimeinthefuture.HistoryTheFAAwasestablishedbyanactofCongressin1958"toprovidefortheregulationandpromotionofcivilaviation."Atthattime,theCivilAeronautic
7、sBoardwasdesignatedastheagencythatwouldhavejurisdictionovertheestablishmentofairroutesandreviewoftarrifs,aswellasresponsibilityfordeterminingprobablecauseofairtrafficaccidents.ThenewlycreatedFAAassumedresponsibilityoverallsafetyrule-makingauthority.Assuch,theF
