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1、REFORTRESUMESED019631ALODD413THECASEFORCASE.BY-FILLMORE,CHARLESJ.PUBDATEAPR67ECRSPRICEMF-$0.75HC-$5.48135P.DESCRIPTORS-*LANGUAGEUNIVERSALS;*GRAMMAR,*DEEPSTRUCTURE)*SURFACESTRUCTURE,LINGUISTICTHEORY,LANGUAGETYPOLOGY:PHRASESTRUCTURE,TRANSFORMATIONTHEORY(LANGUAGE),TRANSFORMATIONGENERATIVEGRAMMAR,N
2、OMINALS,CASE,BASECOMPONENT,INTHISPAPER,PREPAREDFORTHEAPRIL1967TEXASSYMPOSIUMONLINGUISTICUNIVERSALS,ITISPROPOSEDTHATTHEGRAMMATICALNOTION"CASE"DESERVESAPLACEINTHEBASECOMPONENTOFTHEGRAMMAROFEVERYLANGUAGE.ITISARGUEDTHATPASTRESEARCHHASNOTLEDTOVALIDINSIGHTSONCASERELATIONSHIPSANDTHATWHATISNEEDEDISACON
3、CEPTIONOFBASESTRUCTUREINWHICHCASERELATIONSHIPSAREPRIMITIVETERMSOFTHETHEORYANDINWHICHSUCHCONCEPTSAS"SUBJECT"AND"DIRECTOBJECT"AREMISSING.THELATTERAREREGARDEDASPROPERONLYTOTHESURFACESTRUCTUREOFSOME(BUTPOSSIBLYNOTALL).LANGUAGES.BASICTOTHESEARGUMENTSARETWOASSUMPTIONSNOWTAKENFORGRANTEDBYGENERATIVEGRA
4、MMARIANS--(1)THECENTRALITYOFSYNTAX,AND(2)THEIMPORTANCEOFCOVERTCATEGORIES.THEAUTHORPROPOSES"THATTHEREAREMANYSEMANTICALLYRELEVANTSYNTACTICREALTIONSHIFSINVOLVINGNOUNSANDTHESTRUCTURESTHATCONTAINTHEM,THATTHESERELATIONSHIPSAREINLARGEFARTCOVERTBUTARENEVERTHELESSEMPIRICALLYDISCOVERABLE,THATTHEYFORMASPE
5、CIFICFINITESET,ANDTHATOBSERVATIONSMADEABOUTTHEMWILLTURNOUTTOHAVECONSIDERABLECROSS-LINGUISTICVALIDITY."HEREFERSTOTHESEAS"CASE"RELATIONSHIPSANDTHEGRAMMARPROPOSEDANDOUTLINEDHEREIS"CASEGRAMMAR."THESUBSTANTIVEMODIFICATIONTOTHETHEORYOFTRANSFORMATIONALGRAMMARWHICHHEPROPOSESAMOUNTSTOAREINTRODUCTIONOFTH
6、E"CONCEPTUALFRAMEWORK"INTERPRETATIONOFCASESYSTEMSBUTWITHACLEARERUNDERSTANDINGOFTHEDIFFERENCEBETWEENDEEPANDSURFACESTRUCTURE.THESENTENCEINITSBASICSTRUCTURECONSISTSOFAVERBANDONEORMORENOUNPHRASES,EACHASSOCIATEDWITHTHEVERBINAPARTICULARCASERELATIONSHIP.THE"EXPLANATORY"USEOFTHISFRAMEWORKRESIDESINTHENE
7、CESSARYCLAIMTHAT,ALTHOUGHTHERECANBECOMPOUNDINSTANCESOFASINGLECASE(THROUGHNOUNPHRASECONJUNCTION),EACHCASERELATIONSHIPOCCURSONLYONCE.INASIMPLESENTENCE.THISDOCUMENTWILLAPPEARIN"PROCEEDINGSOFTHETEXASSYMPOSIUMONLANGUAGEUNIVERSALS,APRIL
