Think Complexity.pdf

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1、ThinkComplexityVersion1.1AllenB.DowneyGreenTeaPressNeedham,MassachusettsCopyright©2012AllenB.Downey.Printinghistory:Fall2008:Firstedition.Fall2011:Secondedition.GreenTeaPress9WashburnAveNeedhamMA02492Permissionisgrantedtocopy,distribute,transmitandad

2、aptthisworkunderaCreativeCom-monsAttribution-NonCommercial-ShareAlike3.0UnportedLicense:http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-nc-sa/3.0/.Ifyouareinterestedindistributingacommercialversionofthiswork,pleasecontactAllenB.Downey.Theoriginalformofthisboo

3、kisLATEXsourcecode.CompilingthisLATEXsourcehastheeffectofgeneratingadevice-independentrepresentationofthebook,whichcanbeconvertedtootherformatsandprinted.TheLATEXsourceforthisbookisavailablefromhttp://greenteapress.com/complexityhttp://code.google.co

4、m/p/complexityThisbookwastypesetusingLATEX.Theillustrationsweredrawninxfig.Thecoverphotoiscourtesyofblmurch,andisavailableunderafreelicensefromhttp://www.flickr.com/photos/blmurch/2034678924/sizes/l/in/photostream/.Preface0.1WhyIwrotethisbookThisbooki

5、sinspiredbyboredomandfascination:boredomwiththeusualpresentationofdatastructuresandalgorithms,andfascinationwithcomplexsystems.Theproblemwithdatastructuresisthattheyareoftentaughtwithoutamotivatingcontext;theproblemwithcomplexityscienceisthatitisusua

6、llynottaughtatall.In2005IdevelopedanewclassatOlinCollegewherestudentsreadabouttopicsincom-plexity,implementexperimentsinPython,andlearnaboutalgorithmsanddatastructures.IwrotethefirstdraftofthisbookwhenItaughttheclassagainin2008.Forthethirdoffering,in2

7、011,Ipreparedthebookforpublicationandinvitedthestudentstosubmittheirwork,intheformofcasestudies,forinclusioninthebook.Irecruited9professorsatOlintoserveasaprogramcommitteeandchoosethereportsthatwerereadyforpublication.Thecasestudiesthatmetthestandard

8、areincludedinthisbook.Forthenextedition,weinviteadditionalsubmissionsfromreaders(seeAppendixA).0.2SuggestionsforteachersThisbookisintendedasascaffoldforanintermediate-levelcollegeclassinPythonpro-grammingandalgorithms.Myclassusesthefollowingstructure