Hydraulic Fracturing Basic Relations.pdf

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1、HydraulicFracturingBasicRelationsBasicRelations•Necessarytounderstandtoapplytofracturingpressureanalysisanddesignparameters•Materialbalance–providesbasicdesignrequirementsforfluidvolumesandproppants•FluidflowinafractureInteractionoffluidandformation•Roc

2、kdeformation©Copyright,2011HydraulicFracturingBasicRelationsMaterialBalanceexpressionsFlowrateIn=FlowRateOut+AccumulationQoutQiQfAttheendofpumping,cumulativevolumeofvolumeofvolumecreatedfluidlostPumping,tpinjectedfractureto

3、formationClosure,DtVVV(1)LostifpLpVLpStoredVLs(Dt)VLs(Dt)VfpVf(Dt)Vprop©Copyright,2011HydraulicFracturingBasicRelationsMaterialBalanceexpressionsAtanytimeduringshutin,Pumping,tpClosure,DtvolumevolumeofvolumeofLostofthecreatedfluid

4、lostVLpfracturefracturefromtpDtStoredVLs(Dt)VLs(Dt)VfpVf(Dt)VVVVpropf(Dt)fpLs(Dt)(2)Atclosure,Dt=Dtcvolumevolumeofoftheproppantfracture(solidsporespace)Vf(Dtc)Vprop(3)Combining(1)and(3)ViVpropVLpVLs(Dtc)(4)©Copy

5、right,2011HydraulicFracturingBasicRelationscumulativevolumeofvolumeofAttheendofpumping,volumecreatedfluidlostinjectedfracturetoformationVVVifpLpLostV2KCrAtLpLLpfpVLpVq*tiipStoredVA*wVfpffpqi=injectionratetp=injection

6、timeA=areaofonefaceoffracturefw=averagecreatedfracturewidth,inC=fluidlosscoefficient,ft/(min)1/2Lr=fluidlossareatofractureareapK=fluidlossmultiplierL©Copyright,2011HydraulicFracturingBasicRelationsProppantschedulingLostcf1VLp,c/Defineefficiencyas:VConch

7、fpStoredVVfp=hViProp0iOr0fVpiViDtchtimeforthefracturetoclosedefinestheefficiencytpAmountofpadandproppantschedulingdependsonhPadfraction:1hfp1h©Copyright,2011HydraulicFracturingBasicRelationsExample©Copyright,2011HydraulicFracturingBasicRelationsExa

8、mplepadPre-padflush©Copyright,2011HydraulicFracturingBasicRelationsPumpingClosurePressuregeometryPressureCLTimehDesignqtAw2KCrtModelipfLLppVolumerequiredProppantschedule©Copyright,2011HydraulicFracturingBasicRelationsR