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1、标准实用文案Section1Questions1-11arebasedonthefollowingpassage.ThispassageisadaptedfromAtulGrover,“ShouldHospitalResidencyProgramsBeExpandedtoIncreasetheNumberofDoctors?”©2013DowJones&Company.文档标准实用文案Thankstobabyboomers,thepopulationover65willhavedoubledbetween2000and2030.And
2、whentheAffordableCareActtakesfulleffect,upto32millionnewpatientswillseekaccesstomedicalcare,manyofwhomwillneedtreatmentforailmentsthathavegoneundiagnosedforyears,suchascancer,diabetes,arthritisandheartdisease.ThissurgeindemandmeanstheU.S.willhaveashortfallofatleast90,00
3、0doctorsbytheendofthedecade,accordingtotheAssociationofAmericanMedicalCollegesCenterforWorkforceStudies.Manypartsofthecountryhavetoofewdoctorsalready.Asmall,vocalminorityofresearcherssuggestwedon'tneedmoredoctors.Thatminorityclearlyishavinganimpact:manycliniciansandpoli
4、cymakerssaythereis20%to30%"waste"inourhealth-caresystem.ElliottFisher,aDartmouthprofessor,saysthosenumbersarebackedupbyDartmouthresearch.TheDartmouthstudiesbasetheirconclusionsaboutwasteoncomparisonsofhealth-carespendingindifferentgeographicareas.Butotherstudieshaveshow
5、nthatdifferencesinthehealthstatusofpatientsinthedifferentregionsexplainthemajorityofvariationsinspending.In文档标准实用文案otherwords,urbanareas,withtheirhighconcentrationsofpoorpeople,tendtohaveahigherdiseaseburdenandthushighermedicalneeds.Sickerpatients,alongwithhighlaborcost
6、s,explainthehigherlevelsofspendingfoundintheseurbanareas—nottoomanydoctors.Thereisnoquestionthatdeliveryofcareneedstobebetterorganized,andthatsomecurrentreformsarelikelytoimprovepatientoutcomes.That'strue,forexample,withexperimentsinteam-basedcare.However,theseimproveme
7、ntsinpatientcarehavenottranslatedtoanyreductionintheneedforphysiciantime.Anothernewexperiment–accountable-careorganizations,whichallowgroupsofproviderstoshareanysavingsgainedbykeepingtheirpatientshealthy–alsohasn'tbeenshowntoreducethenumberofphysiciansneeded.Indeed,ther
8、eisalotofwishfulthinkingassociatedwithACOs,justastherewaswithHMOs1inthe1990s—thateveryonewouldbecaredforinaway
