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1、ReducingResponseBiaswithReducingResponseBiaswithIpsativeIpsativeMeasurementintheContextofMeasurementintheContextofConfirmatoryFactorAnalysisConfirmatoryFactorAnalysisMikeW.L.CHEUNGMikeW.L.CHEUNGWaiWaiCHANCHANDepartmentofPsychology,DepartmentofPsychology,theChineseUniversityofHongKongtheChineseUn
2、iversityofHongKongPaperpresentedattheInternationalAssociationforCross-CulturalPsychologyXVthCongress,Pultusk2000,Poland.ArevisedpaperofthepresentationwaspublishedasCheung,M.W.L.,&Chan,W.(2002).Reducinguniformresponsebiaswithipsativemeasurementinmultiplegroupconfirmatoryfactoranalysis.StructuralE
3、quationModeling,9,55-77.WhatisResponseBias?WhatisResponseBias?Asystematictendencytorespondtoarangeofquestionnaireitemsonsomebasisotherthanthespecificcontent(Paulhus,1991).Generally,therearetwocategories(Paulhus,1986;Lanyon,1982):–ResponseStyle–ResponseSetResponseStyleResponseStyleThetendencyt
4、odistortresponsesinaparticulardirectionmoreorlessregardlessofthecontentofthestimulus(Paulhus,1986;Rorer,1965)e.g.,Uniformresponsebias,yeasayersandnaysayersMethodstominimize:–+veand-vewordingsResponseSetResponseSetConsciousorunconsciousdesireonthepartoftherespondenttoanswerinsuchawayastoproduc
5、eacertainpictureofhimselfe.g.,SocialDesirabilityMethodstominimize:–forcedchoices,anonymousresponsesor–unthreateningquestionsbeforesensitiveissues–randomizedresponsemethodExamplesofResponseBiasinExamplesofResponseBiasinDifferentAreasDifferentAreasSensitiveissuesresearch–drugusageandsexualpract
6、icesareunderestimated(Bradburn,Sudman,Blair&Stocking,1979)–thereliabilitiesandvaliditiesofself-reporteddrinkingbehaviorarequestionablebecauseofresponsebias(Embree&Whitehead,1991)Cross-culturalstudies–StrongertendencyforextremecheckinginHispanicthannon-Hispanic(Hui&Triandis,1989)–Differenttenden
7、ciestouseextremescoresinJapanese,British,American,HongKong,etc.managers(Stening&Everrett,1984)EstimatedAccuracyofEstimatedAccuracyofSelfSelf--reportInformationreportInformationAdoptedfromMarquis,MarquisandPolich(1986)Estimat
