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1、11AnalysisofLongitudinalDataInhealth-relatedstudies,researchersoftencollectdatafromthesameunit(orsubject)repeatedlyovertime.Measurementsmaybetakenatdifferenttimesfordifferentsubjects.Thesearecalledlongitudinalstudies.Diggle,Liang,andZeger(1994)offeranexcellentexpositionoftheissuesrelatedtot
2、hedesignofsuchstudiesandtheanalysisoflongitudinaldata.Theyalsoprovidemanyinterestingexamplesofdata.Werefertotheirbookforathoroughtreatmentofthetopic.Thepurposeofthischapteristointroducethemethodsbasedonrecursivepartitioningandtocomparetheanalysesoflongitudinaldatausingdifferentapproaches.
3、11.1InfantGrowthCurvesThedataforthisexamplewerecollectedfromaretrospectivestudybyDr.JohnLeventhalandhiscolleaguesatYaleUniversitySchoolofMedicine,NewHaven,Connecticut.Theirprimaryaimwastostudytheriskfactorsduringpregnancythatmayleadtothemaltreatmentofinfantsafterbirthsuchasphysicalandsex
4、ualabuse.Theinvestigatorsrecruited298childrenbornatYale–NewHavenHospitalafterreviewingthemedicalrecordsforallwomenwhohaddeliveriesfromSeptember1,1989,throughSeptember30,1990.Detailedeligibilitycriteriahavebeenreportedpreviouslyelse-wheresuchasWassermanandLeventhal(1993)andStieretal.(1993
5、).Themajorconcernunderlyingthesampleselectionwastheascertainmentofcocaineexposure.Twogroupsofinfantswereincluded:thosewhoseH.ZhangandB.H.Singer,RecursivePartitioningandApplications,163SpringerSeriesinStatistics,DOI10.1007/978-1-4419-6824-1_11,©SpringerScience+BusinessMedia,LLC201016411.A
6、nalysisofLongitudinalDataFIGURE11.1.Growthcurvesofbodyweightsfor20representativeinfantsmotherswereregularcocaineusersandthosewhosemotherswereclearlynotcocaineusers.Thegroupmembershipwasclassifiedfromtheinfants’logoftoxicologyscreensandtheirmothers’obstetricrecords.Inaddition,effortshavebee
7、nmadetomatchtheunexposednewbornswiththeexposedonesfordateofbirth,medicalinsurance,mother’sparity,age,andtimingofthefirstprenatalvisit.Thequestionofourconcerniswhetheramother’scocaineusehasasignificanteffectonthegrowthofherinfant.Afterbirth,theinfantswerebroughtbacktoseetheir
