资源描述：
《chapter 04 from gene to protein-basic molecular genetic mechanisms》由会员上传分享，免费在线阅读，更多相关内容在教育资源-天天文库。
1、4BASICMOLECULARGENETICMECHANISMSElectronmicrographofDNA(greenarrow)beingtran-scribedintoRNA(redarrow).[O.L.Miller,Jr.,andBarbaraR.Beatty,OakRidgeNationalLaboratory.]heextraordinaryversatilityofproteinsasmolecular(rRNA),anditsassociatedproteins.Asthecorrectaminomachinesandswitches,
2、cellularcatalysts,andcompo-acidsarebroughtintosequencebytRNAs,theyarelinkedbyTnentsofcellularstructureswasdescribedinChapterpeptidebondstomakeproteins.3.Inthischapterweconsiderthenucleicacids.Thesemacro-DiscoveryofthestructureofDNAin1953andsubse-molecules(1)containtheinformationfo
3、rdeterminingthequentelucidationofhowDNAdirectssynthesisofRNA,aminoacidsequenceandhencethestructureandfunctionwhichthendirectsassemblyofproteins—theso-calledcentralofalltheproteinsofacell,(2)arepartofthecellularstruc-dogma—weremonumentalachievementsmarkingtheearlyturesthatselectand
4、alignaminoacidsinthecorrectorderdaysofmolecularbiology.However,thesimplifiedrepresen-asapolypeptidechainisbeingsynthesized,and(3)catalyzetationofthecentraldogmaasDNAnRNAnproteindoesanumberoffundamentalchemicalreactionsincells,includ-notreflecttheroleofproteinsinthesynthesisofnucle
5、icacids.ingformationofpeptidebondsbetweenaminoacidsduringMoreover,asdiscussedinlaterchapters,proteinsarelargelyproteinsynthesis.responsibleforregulatinggeneexpression,theentireprocessDeoxyribonucleicacid(DNA)containsalltheinfor-wherebytheinformationencodedinDNAisdecodedintothemati
6、onrequiredtobuildthecellsandtissuesofanorgan-proteinsthatcharacterizevariouscelltypes.ism.TheexactreplicationofthisinformationinanyspeciesassuresitsgeneticcontinuityfromgenerationtogenerationandiscriticaltothenormaldevelopmentofanOUTLINEindividual.TheinformationstoredinDNAisarrang
7、edin4.1StructureofNucleicAcidshereditaryunits,nowknownasgenes,thatcontroliden-tifiabletraitsofanorganism.Intheprocessoftranscrip-4.2TranscriptionofProtein-CodingGenestion,theinformationstoredinDNAiscopiedintoribonu-andFormationofFunctionalmRNAcleicacid(RNA),whichhasthreedistinctro
8、lesinproteinsynthesis.4.3Controlo
