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1、FundamentalsofMany-bodyPhysicsWolfgangNoltingFundamentalsofMany-bodyPhysicsPrinciplesandMethodsTranslatedbyWilliamD.BrewerProf.Dr.WolfgangNoltingHumboldt-UniversitatBerlin¨InstitutfurPhysik¨Newstonstr.1512489BerlinGermanywolfgang.nolting@physik.hu-berlin.deTranslatorProf
2、.WilliamD.Brewer,PhDFUBerlinFBPhysikInst.f.ExperimentalphysikArnimallee1414195BerlinGermanywilliam.brewer@fu-berlin.deISBN978-3-540-71930-4e-ISBN978-3-540-71931-1DOI10.1007/978-3-540-71931-1LibraryofCongressControlNumber:2008940154cSpringer-VerlagBerlinHeidelberg2009Thi
3、sworkissubjecttocopyright.Allrightsarereserved,whetherthewholeorpartofthematerialisconcerned,specificallytherightsoftranslation,reprinting,reuseofillustrations,recitation,broadcasting,reproductiononmicrofilmorinanyotherway,andstorageindatabanks.Duplicationofthispublication
4、orpartsthereofispermittedonlyundertheprovisionsoftheGermanCopyrightLawofSeptember9,1965,initcurrentversion,andpermissionforusemustalwaysbeobtainedfromSpringer.ViolationsareliabletoprosectutionundertheGermanCopyrightLaw.Theuseofgeneraldescriptivenames,registerednames,trad
5、emarks,etc.inthispublicationdoesnotimply,evenintheabsenceofaspecificstatement,thatsuchnamesareexemptfromtherelevantprotectivelawsandregulationsandthereforefreeforgeneraluse.Coverdesign:eStudioCalamarS.L.Printedonacid-freepaper987654321springer.comPrefaceThegoalofthepresen
6、tcourseonFundamentalsofTheoreticalPhysicsistobeadirectaccompanimenttothelower-divisionstudyofphysics,anditaimsatprovidingthephys-icaltoolsinthemoststraightforwardandcompactformasneededbythestudentsinordertomastertheoreticallymorecomplextopicsandproblemsinadvancedstudiesa
7、ndinresearch.Thepresentationisthusintentionallydesignedtobesufficientlydetailedandself-containedsometimes,admittedly,atthecostofacertainelegancetopermitindi-vidualstudywithoutreferencetothesecondaryliterature.Thisvolumedealswiththequantumtheoryofmany-bodysystems.Buildingu
8、ponabasicknowledgeofquantummechanicsandofstatisticalphysics,moderntechniquesforthedescriptionofinteract
