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1、TheInternetandCommunityNetworks:CaseStudiesofFiveU.S.CitiesJohnB.Horrigan,SeniorResearchSpecialistPewInternetandAmericanLifeProject1100ConnecticutAve.,NWSuite710Washington,DC20036www.pewinternet.org202.296.00191I.IntroductionTheInternet’sroleincommunitieshaslongbeenatopi
2、cthatbringsoutaspiritofoptimismamongcityofficials,communityactivists,andcitizens.TheInternetpresentsthechancetoengagepeopleinciviclifeinnewways,andmayevenbringpreviouslyapatheticorignoredpopulationsintotheactivecitizenry.TheInternetalsoholdsoutthepossibilityofneweconomic
3、opportunitiesforpeopleandmoreeffectiveservicedeliveryforlocalgovernments.Timewilltellwhetherthisoptimismiswarranted,butcitizensandpublicofficialsincitiesthroughoutthecountryaretakingstepstodaytorealizefuturebenefitsassociatedwiththeInternet.Inthispaper,Iexaminehowcommuni
4、tyinstitutionsinfiveU.S.citiesarerespondingtothevariouspossibilitiespresentedbytheInternet,whetherintherealmofaccessforlow-incomepeople,jobtraining,orimprovedservicedeliveryforgovernmentandnon-profits.Thecitiesare:Austin,Texas;Cleveland,Ohio;Nashville,Tennessee;Portland,
5、Oregonand;Washington,D.C.ThecitieswerechosenforthegeographicaldiversityandvariabilityineconomicprofilesandInternetpenetrationrates.Anappendixpresentseconomicdataonthecities.Forthecasestudies,cityofficials,communityactivists,andemployeesofcommunitytechnology1centersandoth
6、ercommunity-basedorganizationswereconducted.Theaimherewillbetwofold.Thefirstisclassification.Bylookingacrossarangeofprojectsindifferentcities,oneclearfindingisthatthereisconsiderablevariabilityacrosscommunitytechnologyprojects.Iwillplacetheprojectsstudiesintoseveralcateg
7、ories.Second,Iwillaskwhethercommunitytechnologyprojectshaveaffectedsocialcapitalinthecitiesstudied.Ifsocialcapital,ashasbeenwritten,isallaboutsocialnetworks,andifcommunitytechnologyprojectsareintendedtouseinformationnetworkstocarryoutsocialgoals,thereisapriorireasontosus
8、pectthatsuchprojectsaffectsocialcapital.IwillfirstdevelopaframeworkforstudyingtheInternet’simpactonsoci
