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1、1SimulationofComputerNetworksPeoplecommunicate.Onewayoranother,theyexchangesomeinformationamongthemselvesallthetimes.Inthepastseveraldecades,manyelectronictechnologieshavebeeninventedtoaidthisprocessofexchanginginforma-tioninanefficientandcreativeway.Amongth
2、esearethecreationoffixedtelephonenetworks,thebroadcastingoftelevisionandradio,theadventofcomputers,andtheemergenceofwirelesssensation.Originally,thesetech-nologiesexistedandoperatedindependently,servingtheirveryownpurposes.Notuntilrecentlythatthesetechnolog
3、icalwondersseemtoconverge,anditisawell-knownfactthatacomputercommunicationnetworkisaresultofthisconvergence.Thischapterpresentsanoverviewofcomputercommunicationnetworks,andthebasicsofsimulationofsuchanetwork.Section1.1introducesacom-puternetworkalongwithth
4、ereferencemodelwhichisusedfordescribingthearchitectureofacomputercommunicationnetwork.AbriefdiscussionondesigningandmodelingacomplexsystemsuchasacomputernetworkisthengiveninSection1.2.InSection1.3,thebasicsofcomputernetworksimulationarediscussed.Section1.4
5、presentsoneofthemostcommontypeofnetworksimulation-time-dependentsimulation.AnexamplesimulationisgiveninSection1.5.Finally,Section1.6summarizesthechapter.1.1ComputerNetworksandtheLayeringConceptAcomputernetworkisusuallydefinedasacollectionofcomputersintercon
6、-nectedforgathering,processing,anddistributinginformation.Computerisusedasabroadtermheretoincludedevicessuchasworkstations,servers,routers,modems,basestations,wirelessextensionpoints,etc.Thesecom-putersareconnectedbycommunicationslinkssuchascoppercables,fib
7、eropticcables,andmicrowave/satellite/radiolinks.Acomputernetworkcanbebuiltasanestingand/orinterconnectionofseveralnetworks.TheInternetisagoodexampleofcomputernetworks.Infact,itisanetworkofnetworks,T.Issariyakul,E.Hossain,IntroductiontoNetworkSimulatorNS2,D
8、OI:10.1007/978-0-387-71760-91,cSpringerScience+BusinessMedia,LLC200921SimulationofComputerNetworkswithinwhich,tensofthousandsofnetworksinterconnectmillionsofcomput-ersworldwide.1.1.1LayeringConceptAcomputern
