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1、ARTICLESNOTABLECOMPUTERNETWORKSComputernetworksarebecomingmorenumerousandmorediverse.Collectively,theyconstituteaworldwidemetanetwork.JOHNS.QUARTERMANandJOSIAHC.HOSKINSAcomputernetworkisasetofcomputersusingcom-anyonenetwork,suchaslegalandsocialissues,andmonprotocolstocommunicat
2、eoverconnectingweconcludewithahistoricalperspectiveonthetransmissionmedia.Towarrantinclusioninthisar-developmentofnetworks.ticle,anetworkmustprovideatleastmailornewsservicetoitsusersandinterconnecttoothernet-CHARACTERISTICSOFworksthatprovidesuchservices.COMPUTERNETWORKSAmongthe
3、senetworksarelong-haul(orwide-area)Purpose,Administration,andFundingnetworksthatcanencompasscontinents.ThereareInourtaxonomy,therearefivebasickindsofnet-alsointernetsofsmallernetworkscommunicatingworks:withoneanotherthroughthesameprotocols.Theinternetsofinteresthereincludelong-
4、haulnetworks1.ResearchNetworks.Manyoftheearliestcom-asconstituents,andmostalsoincludelocal-areanet-puternetworksweredesignedandimplementedasworks(LANs).Thecomputersconnectedcanberesearchincomputernetworking.Therearestillasmallmicrocomputers,supercomputers,oranythingnumberofnetw
5、orksthatareeitherthemselvesre-between.Multipleinterconnectionmediacanbesearchprojectsorareadministeredinsupportofused,includingcoaxialcable,opticalfiber,satelliteotherresearch.TheARPANETisthebest-knownlinks,twistedpair,ortelephonelines.Theprotocolsexample.Suchnetworksareusually
6、administeredcanvarywidelyinspeed,reliability,andgeneralbygovernmentagenciesorcontractors,andsup-functionality.Theservicesprovidedcanrangefromportedbygovernmentgrants.Theirusersandhostthemostbasicmailservicetodistributedfilesys-machinesdonotordinarilypaydirectlyforservices.temsa
7、ndremoteprocedurecallcapability.AsimilarBecauseoftheirgoalsandthenatureoftheirfund-diversityappliestoownership,funding,administra-ing,accesstothesenetworkstendstobelimitedtotion,addressing,andothercharacteristics.Together,researchersparticipatinginthefundedwork.thesenetworksfor
8、mametanetwork(sometimesTherearealsoanumberofmilitaryne