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1、EvolutionofChargingandBillingModelsforGSMandFutureMobileInternetServicesJohnCushnie1,DavidHutchison1,HuwOliverInternetMobileSolutionsLaboratoryHPLaboratoriesBristolHPL-IRI-2000-414thJuly,2000*mobileserviceproviders,2ndand3rdgenerationmobile,networkcharging1DistributedMultimediaResearchGroup,La

2、ncasterUniversity,Lancaster,U.K.*InternalAccessionDateOnlyApprovedforExternalPublicationÓCopyrightHewlett-PackardCompany20001.IntroductionTheGlobalSystemforMobile(GSM)wasfirstintroducedin1992withapproximately23millionsubscribers,risingtoover200millionin1999onover300GSMnetworks[1].Theaimwastopr

3、ovideaglobalmobiletelephonenetworkthatcouldbeimplementedusingstandardbuildingblocksnottiedtospecifichardwarevendors.TheuptakeofGSMbysubscribersisfarhigherthananyindustrypredictionsandtypifiesthe1990’sandtheincreasingneedforpersonalmobility.stThe1generationGSMmobiletelephonenetworksprovidesubsc

4、riberswithhighqualityvoicecommunicationsandlowbandwidth(9.6Kb/sec)dataconnectionsforFAX,ShortMessageService(SMS)andfulldial-inconnectiontotheInternetforemailandwebbrowsing,usuallyrequiringamobilecomputerorintelligenthandset.Theadditionofoverlaycommunicationprotocols,suchasstWirelessApplication

5、Protocol(WAP)[2],allowmobilehandsetson1generationGSMnetworkstobeusedforsecureconnectionapplicationssuchasmobilebankingandothertransactionbasedservices.Internationalroamingagreementsbetweenthenumerousmobiletelephonenetworkprovidersallowsubscriberstobereachablealmostanywhereintheworldwheretherei

6、sGSMcoverageusingthesametelephonenumberandhandset.SatellitebasedservicessuchasGlobalStar[3]andICO[4]allowGSMsubscriberstofurtherexpandtheirnetworkcoverageandavailabilityusingthesamemobilecommunicationsinfrastructure.Theincreasinguseofmobiletelephonesanddevicesfordatacommunicationdrivestheneedf

7、romthemarketforafast,reliableandavailableinfrastructure.GSMproposestoprovidetherequiredndrdinfrastructureusing2and3generationGSMwhichintroducenewtechnologythatallowsincreasednddatabandwidthsandnewdataservices[1].2generationGSMintroduces