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1、福建师范大学生命科学学院学院2006—2007学年第二学期考试B卷专业：生物科学年级：课程名称:高级生理学任课教师：洪炎国试卷类别：开卷（）闭卷（√）考试用时：120分钟考试时间:年月日午点分题号一二三四五总得分评卷人得分线题号六七八九十得分姓名＿＿＿＿＿＿学号＿＿＿＿＿＿＿＿＿年级一、名词解释(每题5分，共30分)订1.actionpotential2.excitatorypostsynapticpotential,EPSP3.SNSR4.cardiaccycle装5.lungcapacity考生信息栏6.absorption＿＿＿＿＿＿学
2、院＿＿＿＿＿＿系＿＿＿＿＿＿专业福建师范大学试卷纸共3页，第页二、请根据以下英文段落中的内容回答问题（共70分，中英文作答均可）：Theresponseofthecardiovascularsystemtoareductioninbloodvolumevarieswiththemagnitudeanddurationoftheloss.Whenyoudonateaunit(500mL)ofbloodovera15-minperiod,yourbodycompensatessothatbloodpressuredoesnotchange,and
3、thevolumeisreplacedthroughthenormalingestionoffluids.However,largervolumelossesrequiremoredirectintervention.Volumelossesupto30-40%oftotalbloodvolumecanbetoleratedifthelossiscorrectedwithin30min.Areductioninbloodvolumecanbeabsolute,thatis,alossofbloodfromthevascularcompartm
4、enttoanotherbodycavityortotheexteriorofthebody.However,therecanalsobeafunctionaldecreaseinvolumesecondarytoamassivedecreaseinarteriolarresistance(eg,emotionalfainting)orincreaseinvenovscompliance.Adecreseinabsoluteorfunctionalbloodvolumeproducesafallinsystemicarterialbloodp
5、ressure,whichreducesvenousreture,EDV,sv,andcardiacoutput.Thisissensedbythehigh-pressurebaroreceptorsthatdecresetherateatwhichtheysendactionpotentialstotheactivityofsympathicnerves,whichactontheheartandvasculature.Intheabsenceofafunctioningsympatheticnerviussystem,ourability
6、torecoverfromaseverebloodlossiscutinhalf,sothesympatheticnervoussystemisveryimportant.IncreasedsympatheticnerveactivitytotheheartelevatesheartratebecausethereleasednorepinepheineincreasestherateofspontaneousdepolarizationofSAnodecells.Thereleasednorepinephrinealsoactsonvent
7、ricularmusclecellsincreasingtheircontractilityand,therefore,forceofcontraction.Thismeansthatatanygivenenddiastolicvolumethestrokevolumeiselevatescardiacoutputtowardnormal.Increasingcardiacoutputhelpsbringarterialpressurebacktowardnormal.Increasedsympatheticnerveactivitytoth
8、evasculature,vianorepinephrine,causesconstrictionofarteriolesincreasingvascularres
