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1、第26卷第1期OIL&GASGEOLOGY2005年2月文章编号:0253-9985(2005)01-0002-07中国板块构造对油气盆地演化和油气分布特征的控制靳久强,宋建国(中国石油勘探开发研究院,北京100083)摘要:中国的板块构造演化表现为小陆块拼合、多旋回运动以及强烈的陆内构造变动等特征,使得中国的古生代盆地多为台内坳陷-断陷,陆缘盆地不发育,且多受改造,以至卷入造山带。中、新生代盆地则受板内构造影响,呈多期发展与改造特征,尤以前陆盆地发展独具中国特色。与国外典型的前陆盆地“二元”结构不同,中国的前陆盆地具“三元”结构特征。早
2、期被动陆缘不发育,多以裂陷槽为特征;前陆盆地发育阶段多以陆相为主;晚期的强烈挤压叠加了巨厚的山前沉积。多旋回的构造运动和多期次的盆地叠加使中国的盆地多具叠合盆地的特征,影响到烃源岩的演化及油气的运移和分布。因此,中国的含油气系统多为复合油气系统。关键词:板块构造;叠合盆地;前陆盆地;复合油气系统中图分类号:TE111.1文献标识码:AControlofplatetectonicsoverevolutionofpetroliferousbasinsandcharacteristicofoilandgasdistributioninChina
3、JinJiuqiang,SongJianguo(PetroleumExplorationandDevelopmentResearchInstitute,PetroChina,Beijing)Abstract:UniqueandcomplexgeologichistorycreatedthecharacteristicsofpetroliferousbasinsinChina.Platetec2tonicevolutioninChinahasbeencharacterizedbymatchingofmicrocontinents,multi
4、2cyclicmovementsandintensiveintracontinentaltectonicevents.Asaresult,thePaleozoicbasinsaremostlyofintraplatformdepressionsandrifts;epicontinentalbasinsareundeveloped,andmostofwhichhavebeenreformedandeveninvolvedinorogenicbelts.TheMeso2Cenozoicbasinshavebeenaffectedbyintra
5、platetectonicsandcharacterizedbymultiplephasesofdevelop2mentandreformation,especiallytheforelandbasinsappeartohavetheirowndistinctivecharacteristics.TheforelandbasinsinChinahavedistinctive“ternary”architecture,whichisdifferentfromthe“binary”architectureofthosefore2landbas
6、insabroad.Theearlystageischaracterizedbytaphrogenictroughswithundevelopedpassivecontinentalmar2gins,andcontinentalsedimentshavemainlybeendepositedduringthedevelopmentofforelandbasins.Thestrongcompressioninlaterstagehasresultedinthesuperimpositionofverythickmountainfrontse
7、diments.Multicyclictec2tonicmovementsandmultiplephasesofbasinsuperimpositionhavecausedmostofthebasinsinChinatohavethecharacteristicsofsuperimposedbasins,whichhaveinfluencedtheevolutionofsourcerocks,andmigrationanddistri2butionofoilandgas.Therefore,mostofthepetroleumsystem
8、sinChinaareofcompositetypes.Keywords:platetectonics;superimposedbasin;forelandbasin;compositepet
