the internet and other networks utilization rates and their implicationsnew

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1、TheInternetandothernetworks:UtilizationratesandtheirimplicationsAndrewOdlyzkoAT&TLabs-Researchamo@research.att.comRevisedversion,February26,2000.Abstract.Costsofcommunicationsnetworksaredeterminedbythemaximalcapacitiesofthosenetworks.Ontheotherhand,th

2、etrafficthosenetworkscarrydependsonhowheavilythosenetworksareused.Henceutilizationratesandutilizationpatternsdeterminethecostsofprovidingservices,andthereforearecrucialinunderstandingtheeconomicsofcommunicationsnetworks.Acomparisonofutilizationratesand

3、costsofvariousnetworkshelpsdisprovemanypopularmythsabouttheInternet.Althoughpacketnetworksareoftenextolledfortheefficiencyoftheirtransport,itoftencostsmoretosenddataoverinternalcorporatenetworksthanusingmodemsontheswitchedvoicenetwork.Packetnetworksare

4、growingexplosivelynotbecausetheyutilizeunderlyingtransportcapacitymoreefficiently,butbecausetheyprovidemuchgreaterflexibilityinofferingnewservices.Studyofutilizationpatternsshowstherearelargeopportunitiesforincreasingtheefficiencyofdatatransportandmaking

5、theInternetlessexpensiveandmoreuseful.Ontheotherhand,manypopulartechniques,suchassomeQualityofServicemeasuresandATM,arelikelytobeoflimitedusefulness.1.IntroductionAnextensivestudyofdatanetworksisdocumentedin[CoffmanO,FishburnO,Odlyzko2,Odlyzko3,Odlyzk

6、o4].Thispaperpresentsonlyabriefsummaryoftheresultsofthatstudy,andconcentratesontheirimplicationsforpresentandfuturedatanetworks.UtilizationratesofnetworkshavebeenstrangelyabsentfrommostpapersontheeconomicsoftheInternet,suchasthosein[MacKieM,McKnightB,

7、Varian].However,theseratesdeterminecostsofservices,sincetransmissionlinksarepricedbytheirmaximalcapacity.Furthermore,utilizationratesaretheprimarymeansbywhichnetworkmanagersdeterminequalityoftransmission.Thereforeitseemedimportanttoconsidercurrentutil

8、izationratesontheInternetandtheresultingcosts.Suchastudywascarriedoutin[Odlyzko2,Odlyzko4].Ituncoveredanumberofsurprisingresults.Forexample,corporationsintheU.S.spendmoretotransmitlargefilesovertheirpacketnetworksthantheywouldiftheyusedmodemsov