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1、KINGSANDQUEENSOFENGLAND©2004PublishedPrintedDesignedTopPublishingAllpictures©2004TopFotounlessspecified.Cover:Detailof“GodSavetheQueen”,BritishRailways(WesternRegion)posterproducedasatributetoQueenElizabethIIontheoccasionofhercoronationin1953byartist,CharlesShepherd.©NationalRailwayMus
2、eum/HIP/TopFotoBackcover:ThecrownofQueenMaryofModena,c1685.WifeofKingJamesII.©MuseumofLondon/HIP/TopFotoContentspage(clockwisefromtopleft):TintagelCastle,Cornwall,DarkAges.TintagelCastlewasthelegendarybirthplaceofKingArthur.©EnglishHeritage/HIP/TopFotoPartofThe120ftcanvas,paintedbyRich
3、ardBarrettDaviesdepictingtheCoronationProcessiontoWestminsterAbbeyofKingWilliamIV.©PA/TopFotoKingGeorgeVIwithhiselderdaughter,thefutureQueenElizabethII,13December1936.TheroyalsealofKingEdwardII.HenryVIII’spavilionattheFieldoftheClothofGold,1520.©TheBritishLibrary/HIP/TopFoto12thCentury
4、King,probablyKingRichardITheCoronationChaircontainingtheStoneofScone.CONTENTSIntroductionRomanRuleTheDarkAgesTheAngloSaxons-BretwaldaKingsTheAngloSaxons-KingsofWessex&EnglandTheNormansTheAngevinsThePlantagenetsTheLancastriansTheYorkistsTheTudorsTheStuartsTheHanoveriansTheWindsorsIntrod
5、uctionAdultery,murder,andregicide,civilwar,religiousupheavalandabdication–thekingsandqueensofEnglandhavecertainlywrittenadramaticandintriguinghistoryfortheirsubjects.From60AD,whenthecourageousBoudiccaledtheCelticIceniinadoomedrevoltagainsttheinvadingRomanarmy,throughRomanruleandthearri
6、valofWilliamtheConquerorin1066,tothemysteriousdeathofPrincessDianain1997,therehasrarelybeenadullmomentforEngland’srulers.Indeed,whennotbattlingforeignforcestheyseemedtofillthetimebyfightingeachother.Willliam’sdeathin1087,forinstance,liftedthelidonthesiblingrivalrybetweenhisthirdandfavo
7、uritesonWilliamRufus,whomhenamedashissuccessortotheEnglishthrone,andhiseldestsonRobert,whohadtomakedowithNormandy.PoorRobertledseveraluprisingsagainsthisbrotherbeforegivingupandembarkingontheCrusades.Then,onWilliamII’sdeathin1100,itwastheiryoungestbrotherHenrywhoseizedtheQueenBoudicc
