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1、ArticlesOPENGenomesequenceofthehotpepperprovidesinsightsintotheevolutionofpungencyinCapsicumspeciesSeungillKim1,28,MinkyuPark1,2,28,Seon-InYeom1,2,28,Yong-MinKim1,2,28,JeMinLee1,2,28,Hyun-AhLee1,28,EunyoungSeo1,28,JaeyoungChoi3,KyeongchaeCheong3,Ki-TaeKim3,Ky
2、ongyongJung3,Gir-WonLee4,Sang-KeunOh1,2,ChungyunBae1,Saet-ByulKim1,Hye-YoungLee1,Shin-YoungKim1,Myung-ShinKim1,Byoung-CheorlKang1,2,5,YeongDeukJo1,Hee-BumYang1,Hee-JinJeong1,Won-HeeKang1,Jin-KyungKwon5,ChanseokShin3,JaeYunLim3,JuneHyunPark3,JinHoeHuh1,June-Si
3、kKim1,Byung-DongKim1,OdedCohen6,IlanParan6,MiChungSuh7,SaetBuylLee7,Yeon-KiKim8,YounheeShin9,Seung-JaeNoh9,JunhyungPark9,YoungSamSeo10,Suk-YoonKwon11,HyunAKim11,JeongMeePark11,Hyun-JinKim11,Sang-BongChoi12,PaulWBosland13,14,GregoryReeves13,Sung-HwanJo15,Bong-
4、WooLee15,Hyung-TaegCho16,Hee-SeungChoi16,Min-SooLee16,YeisooYu17,YangDoChoi3,Beom-SeokPark18,AllenvanDeynze19,HamidAshrafi19,TheresaHill19,WooTaekKim20,Hyun-SookPai20,HeeKyungAhn20,InhwaYeam21,JamesJGiovannoni22,23,JocelynKCRose24,IbenSørensen24,Sang-JikLee25
5、,RyanWKim26,Ik-YoungChoi27,Beom-SoonChoi27,Jong-SungLim27,Yong-HwanLee3&DoilChoi1,2Hotpepper(Capsicumannuum),oneoftheoldestdomesticatedcropsintheAmericas,isthemostwidelygrownspicecropintheworld.Wereportwhole-genomesequencingandassemblyofthehotpepper(Mexicanla
6、ndraceofCapsicumannuumcv.CM334)at 86.6×coverage.WealsoreportresequencingoftwocultivatedpeppersanddenovosequencingofthewildspeciesCapsicumchinense.Thegenomesizeofthehotpepperwasapproximatelyfourfoldlargerthanthatofitscloserelativetomato,andtheNatureAmerica,In
7、c.Allrightsreserved.genomeshowedanaccumulationofGypsyandCaulimoviridaefamilyelements.Integrativegenomicandtranscriptomicanalyses4suggestedthatchangeingeneexpressionandneofunctionalizationofcapsaicinsynthasehaveshapedcapsaicinoidbiosynthesis.Wefounddifferentia
8、lmolecularpatternsofripeningregulatorsandethylenesynthesisinhotpepperandtomato.Thereference©201genomewillserveasaplatformforimprovingthenutritionalandmedicinalvaluesofCapsicumspecies.Hotp