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1、AcademyofManagementJournal2013,Vol.56,No.1,231–255.http://dx.doi.org/10.5465/amj.2010.0714ORGANIZINGPROCESSESANDTHECONSTRUCTIONOFRISK:ADISCURSIVEAPPROACHSTEVEMAGUIREMcGillUniversityCYNTHIAHARDYUniversityofMelbourneThisstudyexaminestheorganizingprocessesthroughwhichproducts“become”risky.Dra
2、wingonacasestudyofchemicalriskassessmentandmanagementprocessesinCanadaandcomparingtwochemicals,itidentifiesaseriesofenactedpracticesthatbundleintotwoformsofsocialordering:“normalizing”and“problematizing.”Bybringingthepasttobeardifferentlyonorganizingprocesses,thesetwoformsofsocialorderingst
3、ructurethediscursiveworkofactorsinboththeirattemptstostabilizeandtheirattemptstodestabilizeandchangemeaningsofriskobjects.Asaresult,objects“become”riskyorsafeindifferentways.Thisstudyexaminesorganizingprocessesgorizingover23,000existingsubstancesandthroughwhichproducts“become”risky—or,forla
4、unchedafollow-upprocesstoassesswhether200thatmatter,safe.Theprocesseswherebyproducts“highpriority”chemicalsweretoxic—thatis,andtechnologiesaredeemedtoposerisksareim-whethertheyposedriskstohumanhealthandtheportantinourglobalrisksociety(Beck,1992).Al-environment.Somechemicalsthathadlongbeenth
5、oughriskcanbeviewedpositively,increasinglyconsideredsafe“became”risky,requiringgovern-itisassociatedlesswithopportunitiesforgainandmentactiontoreduceoreliminate(i.e.,manage)morewithpossibilitiesofloss(Gephart,Vantheriskstheyposed,whileothersremainedsafe.Maanen,&Oberlechner,2009).Accordingly
6、,riskisWecomparethefateoftwochemicalsduringthesetypicallydefinedas“thepotentialforrealizationofprocesses:vinylacetatemonomer(VAM)andbis-unwanted,adverseconsequencestohumanlife,phenolA(BPA).VAMisusedtomakeavarietyofhealth,property,ortheenvironment”(Societyforindustrialandconsumerproducts.Itw
7、asfoundtoRiskAnalysis[SRA],2003).Organizationshavetobetoxicinaninitialassessment;butthisfindingmanagerisk(Power,2007;Smallman,1996)andwassubsequentlyreversed,andtheGovernmentdealwiththeconsequenceswhentheirproductsdeclaredthatVAMwassafe.BPAisusedinarange
