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1、THEBOTTOMBILLIONThispageintentionallyleftblankTheBottomBillionWhythePoorestCountriesAreFailingandWhatCanBeDoneAboutItPAULCOLLIER120071OxfordUniversityPress,Inc.,publishesworksthatfurtherOxfordUniversity’sobjectiveofexcellenceinresearch,scholarship,andeducation.OxfordNewYorkAucklandCapeTownDaresSa
2、laamHongKongKarachiKualaLumpurMadridMelbourneMexicoCityNairobiNewDelhiShanghaiTaipeiTorontoWithofficesinArgentinaAustriaBrazilChileCzechRepublicFranceGreeceGuatemalaHungaryItalyJapanPolandPortugalSingaporeSouthKoreaSwitzerlandThailandTurkeyUkraineVietnamCopyright©2007byPaulCollierPublishedbyOxford
3、UniversityPress,Inc.198MadisonAvenue,NewYork,NewYork10016www.oup.comOxfordisaregisteredtrademarkofOxfordUniversityPressAllrightsreserved.Nopartofthispublicationmaybereproduced,storedinaretrievalsystem,ortransmitted,inanyformorbyanymeans,electronic,mechanical,photocopying,recording,orotherwise,wit
4、houtthepriorpermissionofOxfordUniversityPress.LibraryofCongressCataloging-in-PublicationDataCollier,Paul.Thebottombillion:whythepoorestcountriesarefailingandwhatcanbedoneaboutit/byPaulCollier.p.cm.ISBN978-0-19-531145-7(cloth)1.Poor—Developingcountries.2.Poverty—DevelopingcountriesI.Title.HC79.P6C
5、6342007338.9009172'4—dc222006036630135798642PrintedintheUnitedStatesofAmericaonacid-freepaperForDaniel:hisworldThispageintentionallyleftblankContentsPrefaceixPart1What’stheIssue?1.FallingBehindandFallingApart:TheBottomBillion3Part2TheTraps2.TheConflictTrap173.TheNaturalResourceTrap384.Landlockedwi
6、thBadNeighbors535.BadGovernanceinaSmallCountry64Part3AnInterlude:GlobalizationtotheRescue?6.OnMissingtheBoat:TheMarginalizationoftheBottomBillionintheWorldEconomy79Part4TheInstruments7.AidtotheRescue?998.MilitaryIntervention1249.LawsandCharters13510.TradePolicyforReversingMarginalization157viiiCO
7、NTENTSPart5TheStrugglefortheBottomBillion11.AnAgendaforAction175ResearchonWhichThisBookIsBased193Index197PrefaceIwasastudentatOxfordin1968.IrememberjoiningsomethingcalledtheOxfordRevolutionarySocialistStudents,anamenow