业协会会员反洗钱工作指引

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1、中国证券业协会会员反洗钱工作指引ModelLegislation[1]onLaundering,Confiscation[2]andInternationalCooperationinRelationtotheProceeds[3]ofCrime(1999)背景：本示范法是由联合国禁毒与预防犯罪办公室于1999年制定的专门针对洗钱行为的法律规范，只适用于大陆法系的国家（2003年联合国禁毒与犯罪办公室另行制定了一部适用于习惯法系国家的示范法，其名称为联合国《洗钱犯罪收益与恐怖融资示范法》（200

2、3））。本示范法以总论、洗钱预防、洗钱侦查、强制措施及国际合作五个篇章对反洗钱做了系统规范，故全文摘录。IntroductiontothemodellawMoney-laundering,[4]accordingtothedefinitionadoptedbytheInternationalCriminalPoliceOrganization(ICPO/Interpol),[5]denotes[6]anyactorattemptedact[7]toconcealordisguisetheiden

3、tity[8]ofillegallyobtainedproceedssothattheyappeartohaveoriginatedfromlegitimate[9]sources.Thepurposeoflaunderingistodisguiseillegalprofitswithoutcompromising[10]thecriminalswhowishtobenefitfromtheproceedsoftheiractivities.Thisisathree-stageprocessre

4、quiring,inthefirstplace,severing[11]anydirectassociationbetweenthemoneyandthecrimegeneratingit;secondly,obscuring[12]themoneytrailtofoil[13]pursuit;and,thirdly,makingthemoneyavailabletothecriminalagainoncethemannerofitsacquisition[14]anditsgeographic

5、alprovenance[15]cannolongerbetraced.[16]Criminalsexploiteconomicglobalizationbyswiftlytransferringmoneyfromonecountrytoanother.Advancesininformationsystems,technologyandcommunicationsasappliedtofinancialtransactionshavemadeitpossibletotransfermoneyto

6、anypointontheglobewithspeedandease.So-called"megabytemoney"[17]intheformofsymbolsonacomputerscreencirculates24hoursaday,sevendaysaweek,andcanbemovedontimeandtimeagaintopreventitsdetectionbylawenforcement[18]agencies.Sincemanyfinancialcentresworldwide

7、havenowadoptedmeasurestocountermoney-laundering,criminalsareonthelookoutfor[19]Stateswitheitherweakornon-existentcontrolmechanisms.Theactivitiesofpowerfulcriminalorganizationscanhavecatastrophicsocialconsequences.Launderedmoneyprovidesdrugtraffickers

8、,armsdealersandothercriminalswiththewherewithal[20]foroperatinganddevelopingtheirenterprises.Unlessremedies[21]arefound,money-launderingcanstrikeattheintegrity[22]ofacountry'sfinancialinstitutions.Theveryfactofbillionsofdollarsbeingremovedeachyearfro