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1、letterstonature..............................................................Actionvideogamemodi®esvisualselectiveattentionC.ShawnGreen&DaphneBavelierDepartmentofBrainandCognitiveSciences,CenterforVisualScience,UniversityofRochester,Rochester,NewYork14627,USA...............
2、..............................................................................................................................................................Asvideo-gameplayinghasbecomeaubiquitousactivityintoday'ssociety,itisworthconsideringitspotentialconsequencesonpercep
3、tualandmotorskills.Itiswellknownthatexposinganorganismtoanalteredvisualenvironmentoftenresultsinmodi®cationofthevisualsystemoftheorganism.The®eldofperceptuallearningprovidesmanyexamplesoftraining-inducedincreasesinperformance.Butperceptuallearning,whenitoccurs,tendstobespec
4、i®ctothetrainedtask;thatis,generali-1±10zationtonewtasksisrarelyfound.Hereweshow,bycontrast,thataction-video-gameplayingiscapableofalteringarangeofvisualskills.Fourexperimentsestablishchangesindifferentaspectsofvisualattentioninhabitualvideo-gameplayersascomparedwithnon-vid
5、eo-gameplayers.Ina®fthexperiment,non-playerstrainedonanactionvideogameshowmarkedimprovementfromtheirpre-trainingabilities,therebyestablish-ingtheroleofplayinginthiseffect.We®rstusedthe¯ankercompatibilityeffect,astandardexper-imentalparadigminattentionalstudies,todeterminewh
6、ethervideo-gameplayingproducesanoverallincreaseinattentional11capacity.Thistaskmeasurestheeffectofato-be-ignoreddis-tractoronatargettask.Thesizeofthisdistractoreffecthasbeenproposedtoprovideanindexof`left-over'attentionalresources.InFigure1Measureofattentionalresources.a,Fl
7、ankercompatibilitytask.Participantsparticular,ithasbeenreported12thatthedistractoreffectislargewereaskedtodecidewhetherasquareoradiamondappearedwithinoneofthesixringswhenthetargettaskiseasy,butsmallwhenthetargettaskismade(targettask),whileignoringadistractorshapepresentedou
8、tsidetherings.Thedistractordif®cultbyincreasingthenumberof®llershapesinthering(Fig
