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1、TheOverlordandthePoliticalSituationinJingkangYearsoftheNorthernSongDynastyADissertationSubmittedtotheGraduateSchoolofHenanUniversityinPartialFulfillmentoftheRequirementsfortheDegreeofMasterofHistoryByWangDeliSupervisor:Prof.ChengMinshengProf.JiaYuyingProf.MaYuchenDateApril,2013II摘要金兵灭辽后，很快逼近
2、开封，宋徽宗为了避敌卸责，遂内禅为太上皇，并仓惶南逃至江南地区。由于事出突然，宋徽宗并没有规划好退位后的权力分配等问题，不甘大权旁落，逃到江南后企图另立朝廷，东山再起；宋钦宗当然不会放弃好不容易得到的帝位，于是徽、钦二帝置内忧外患、北宋大厦将倾的局面而不顾，为皇权展开了明争暗斗，使靖康年间的混乱政局更是雪上加霜，最终父子二人双双做了亡国奴。太上皇对北宋晚期政局的影响较为复杂，有利有弊，但弊大于利。首先，宋徽宗退位，对缓和和调节当时的政治危机、国家危机起到了一定作用。其次，太上皇的南逃，给江南社会带来混乱。第三，太上皇贪权恋位的各种小动作，给北宋的抗金斗争带来了严重的负面影响。第
3、四，太上皇的存在，使北宋晚期本就动荡不安的国内政局更加混乱不堪。宋钦宗即位后，一直受到“太上皇”直接干涉和无形牵制的影响,这种皇权重叠现象,是造成宋钦宗平庸的原因之一。理论上，从皇权继承角度上看,太上皇可起到辅助新帝作用,使其有一熟悉理政的过程,易于控制政局。但作为太上皇的宋徽宗实际上却起到了相反作用。太上皇的出现，不仅没有消除宋代社会的各种矛盾,反而给统治者制造了更多的麻烦；不仅没有解决民族矛盾,反而削弱了自己抵御外辱的能力。太上皇的出现，加速了北宋王朝的灭亡。关键词：北宋；太上皇；宋徽宗；宋钦宗；靖康年间IABSTRACTJinwentonapunitiveexpediti
4、onwiththeNorthSongafterLiaowasdestroyedbytheJinArmy.EmperorHuizongtookhimselfasoverlordandfleedtothesouthoftheYangtzeRiverhastily,escapingfromtheresbonsibilityofdefendingagainstinvadingJinArmy.EmperorHuizongdidn’tmakeagoodarrangementindivisionofpowerandotherstuffbehindbecauseoftheunexpectedi
5、ncident.UnwillingEmperorHuizongattemptedtostartanewcourtandcomeoveragain,whileEmperorQinzongwasnotwillingtohandoverhisthrone.Thetwoemperorsdefendedagainsteachotherforthethroneopenlyandsecretly,ignoringtheStateofFluxandthethreatfromJin,whichleadingtoaworseresultunderthatchaoticpoliticalsituat
6、ioninPacifyKangyear,andthefatherandthesonbothwereconqueredfinally.Theoverlord,EmperorHuizong,broughtcomplexaffections,bothadvantageousanddisadvantageous,tothelateNorthSongpoliticalsituation,andthedisadvantagesdominatedonthewhole.First,thepoliticalandnationalcrisisweremitigatedandadjustedinso
7、medegree,partlybecauseoftheoverlord’sabdication.Secondly,theoverlordbroughtdisruptiontothesouthdistrictoftheYangtzeRiverashefleedthere.Thirdly,theoverlord’sgamesmanshipforwinningbackthealready-gonepowerhadseverelynegativeimpactontheNorthSong’sdefen
