[Very Short Introductions] Michael Howard - The first world war (2003, Oxford University Press, USA)

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1、MICHAELHOWARDFIRSTTHEWORLDWAR'ThepeoplesofEuropedidnothavetobewhippedupbygovernmentpropaganda.Itwasinaspiritofsimplepatrioticdutythattheyjoinedthecoloursandwenttowar.'OXFORDUWIVBRSLSITYP-88.woupwmTheEuropeanpowerswerereadyforwar~II1914.Germany,fuelledb?'archai

2、cmilitarism.globalambitions,andneuroticinsecurity'.tnoktheoffensive,inthemisguidedbeliefthatitwouldshortentheconflict.Fouryearslater.eightmillionpeoplehaddiedinthe~r~ostapocalypticepisodetheworldhadknoan.SirMichaelHoward,pre-eminentmilita~historianandauthorofs

3、uchdefinitiveworksasTheFmnco-PrussinnWarandWarinEuroprrrr,Histoy,hasmeditatedonthesubjectoftheFirstWorldWarforseveraldecades.Therest111isa'masterpieceofconcision'(HewStrachan).asuccinctandhighlyreadableaccountofthpeventsleadingupto,andculminatinginthatconflict

4、.Withtremendousprecisionandrlarit!-ofvisionhedescribestheeffectsoftheconflictonsoldiersandciviliansalike,examiningthr~llilitarymanoeuvresoftheAlliesandtherivalalliances:theinhun~anedeplopl~entofpoiso11gasonthebattlefield,theaccelerateddevelopmentofmechanizedwa

5、rfare.theestablishmentoftheRoyalAirForceinRritai~~.andthewaratsea,whichwoulddrawAmrricnintotheconflict.Hehighlightshowthewarfoughtathome-againsttheshortagesoffoocl.fuel,andraw~naterialsforindustry-rausrcltheirreversibledeclineinC~rmanmoralr.ndemisewhichwastole

6、adtotheeventuals~~rrenderoftheGennanstate.Humiliatedandbankrupt,utterlydise~npowered,Germanywouldnwerlosrthrbeliefthatthewarhadbeeni~nposedupo~~hrrbytheAllies.Itwoaldbethatsenseofit~justicrthatwouldresonatethmughthehedecadestofollow-tofindfinal,chillingrrtrihu

7、tio~~inthehandsoftheThirdReich.OXFORD<...a,<,".-,,d,,",.",,,.,,,.d,,%"h,,"Orb.dL,,,,=",>~hl.~..d.p..,~i"l",,h.L",11",,~,11,,,,~,.."..h"l,.,,",,,,,,,,,,,4,,,1,,11,,1"/,,,,,I,.ill,."..,,,,,",,,.,,,,,,,,,.,8,-,,,.I

8、.,s,ofIllu3trat,onsMap7,Earope,"19.41ThcComin~ofWar3,!,,.,:TheopmingCampaign-.,19,s:Thewarconunucr5.1q18-ThcWarofAtmll""6,TheUnitrdSfate-EnwntheWar,,,,j:TheYearafcnnl8.,g,*ThrYcaro