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1、~.IE:'-.T-.R.ISID.ITHEPORTUGUESEARMY~FTHENAPOLEO.,'WARS(I)THEPORTUGUESEARMYOFTHENAPOLEONICWARS(1)INTRODUCTIONOUTHERNFRANCE,May1814:theemotionallymovedSurgeonWalterHenry,ofHisMajesty’s66thofFoot,awaitswithsadnessPrivate,14thInfantryRegiment,Stheapproachingmomentwhen
2、thePortuguesebrigadewouldpartc.1810-1815.BluecoateeandfromtheSecondBritishDivision.Foryears,officersandmenofbothpantaloons,whitecollarandnationshadseenandsharedallthedangers,horrors,miseriesandcuffs,scarletpipingandturnbacks,blueshoulderstrapsgloriesofwar;nowthismostext
3、raordinaryperiodoftheirliveswaspipedscarlet(notecharacteristicabouttoend.Portuguesewing-likeshape),ThePortugueseregiments,wroteSurgeonHenry,‘hadsecuredthebrassbuttons;blackhalf-gaiters,esteemandrespectoftheBritishsoldiersbytheirgallantryinthefieldblackshakowithbrassplat
4、esandwhiteplume.The14thandgeneralgoodconduct’.Theeveningbeforetheseparationthe(Tavira)InfantryfoughtatBritishofficersgave‘apartingentertainmenttothePortugueseofficers’Bussaco,Albuera,Salamanca,markedby‘aremarkabledisplayofcordialityandbrotherlyaffection’,VittoriaandtheN
5、ivelle,inthewithBritishairssungbythePortugueseandtheBritishsinging2ndBrigadecommandedinitiallybyFonsecaandlaterbyCosta.‘Portugueseinturn;whilstsuitabletoastswerecheered’byall.Earlythe(PrintafterRibieroArthur)nextmorningbotharmieswereonthemarch;‘...andwhenwecametothecros
6、s-roadswhereweweretoseparate,theoldfellow-campaigners,officersandmen,embracedandexchangedaffectionateadieus:andaswemovedindifferentdirections,loudandprolongedcheersansweredeachotherinpealsandechoes,untiltheymeltedinthedistance.’Sincethatmorningbroughtaremarkablemilitary
7、co-operationtoaclose,English-speakinghistorianshaveoftendefined‘Wellington’sArmy’asaBritishforce;yetbetweenone-thirdandone-halfofitwasactuallyPortuguese.Itwasreallyadualarmyunderaunifiedcommand.Portugal’sroleintheultimatedefeatofNapoleon’sarmiesinthePeninsulawassingular
8、.Geographywasanimportantfactor:overlandaccesstoPortugalfromtheeasthadalwaysbeendifficultbecauseoftheruggedterr
