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1、生态学杂志ChineseJournalofEcology2011,30(2):234-240耕作措施和施肥方式对麦田杂草密度和*生物量的影响1,211**戴晓琴欧阳竹李运生12(中国科学院地理科学与资源研究所,生态系统网络观测与模拟重点实验室禹城综合试验站,北京100101;中国科学院地理科学与资源研究所生态系统网络观测与模拟重点实验室千烟洲试验站,北京100101)摘要为明确我国华北地区麦玉轮作系统小麦免耕的推广和施肥方式的改变对麦季杂草生长的影响,在免耕实施5年后,调查了麦田杂草密度、单株质量和生物量。结果表明:华北地区小麦生长早期,免耕有降低麦田杂草总
2、密度和优势种播娘蒿密度趋势,但差异并不显著;相对于传统耕作,免耕秸秆覆盖和不覆盖处理总杂草生物量显著降低,其中播娘蒿生物量分别降低了57%和73%;免耕也使播娘蒿单株质量降低了27%~53%;免耕秸秆覆盖和不覆盖处理播娘蒿的株高分别比传统耕作降低了25%和19%;但一般情况耕作方式并没有显著影响离子草和麦家公生长;相对于分次施肥,集中施肥杂草生物量降低了21%~68%,播娘蒿生物量降低了58%~65%,麦家公降低91%;免耕在一定程度上抑制了某些杂草的生长,但追肥促进了杂草的快速生长。关键词免耕;杂草生物量;杂草密度;麦田;氮肥使用中图分类号S365文献标识码A文章编号1000-4
3、890(2011)2-0234-07Weeddensityanditsbiomassinwheatfieldundereffectsofdifferenttillageandfertiliza1,211**1tionmodes.DAIXiaoqin,OUYANGZhu,LIYunsheng(YuchengComprehensiveExperimentalStation,KeyLaboratoryofEcosystemNetworkObservationandModeling,InstituteofGeographicSciencesandNaturalResourcesResearch
4、,ChineseAcademyofSciences,Beijing2100101,China;QianyanzhouStation,KeyLaboratoryofEcosystemNetworkObservationandModeling,InstituteofGeographicSciencesandNaturalResourcesResearch,ChineseAcademyofSciences,Beijing100101,China).ChineseJournalofEcology,2011,30(2):234-240.Abstract:Tounderstandtheeffectsofd
5、ifferenttillageandfertilizationmodesontheweedgrowthinwheatmaizerotationsysteminNorthChinaPlain,aninvestigationwasmadeonthenotillagewheatfieldwhichissetup5yearsago.Notillagehadatrendofdecreasingthetotaldensityofweedsandthedensityofdominantspeciesflixweedattheearlystageofwheatgrowth,butthedifferenc
6、ebetweentraditionaltillageandnotillagewasnotsignifican.tTheweedbiomassundernotillagewithstrawremainedandwithstrawremoveddecreasedsignificantly,inwhichtheflixweedbiomassdecreasedby57%and73%,respectively,comparedwiththatundertraditionaltillage.Notillagealsodecreasedthedryweightperflixweedplantby27%
7、-53%.Comparedwithconventionaltillage,notillagewithstrawremainedandwithstrawremoveddecreasedtheflixweedheightby25%and19%,respectively.Generally,tillagemodehadlittleeffectsonthegrowthofpurplemustardand
