16 Characteristics of Carbon Nanotubes for Nanoelectronic Device Applications.pdf

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1、Chapter16CharacteristicsofCarbonNanotubesforNanoelectronicDeviceApplicationsVindhyaKunduru(*ü)YaminiYadav,andShaliniPrasad16.1IntroductionCarbonhastheincredibleabilitytocombinewithitselfinvariedproportionstoformmoleculesofdistinctlydisparatephysicalstructures.Theev

2、olutionofmodernorganicchemistrybeganwiththegrowinginterestamongstscientiststoexperimentwithcarbonclustersformedduringsynthesisofcarboncompounds.Thesestudiesoncarbon-relatedcompoundsbeganwiththesupportofrigidunderstandingofacommonformofcarbongraphite.CarbonmoleculeC

3、whichwasdiscoveredin60traceamountsinthecarbonclusterswasasoccer-shapedfullerenemoleculewhichhad60carbonatomsarrangedinawaythateachatomwasplacedatavertexofatruncatedicosahedron[1].ThediscoveryofKratschmeretal.toproduceCinbulk60servedasaplatformforextensivestudyoncar

4、bon-relatedmoleculesbyscientists,chemists,andmaterialscienceexpertsallovertheworld.SignificantfindingswerenotrecordeduntilIijima[2],anelectronmicro-scopistfromNECLaboratories,Japandiscoveredtubularfullerenesinthecath-odeofanarcevaporationchamber.Theprocedureofarcev

5、aporationresultedinmassproductionofhigh-qualitycarbonnanotubes(CNTs)[3].AwholeneweraofCNTresearchbeganafterIijimapublishedhisfirstpaperonCNTsHelicalmicrotubulesofgraphiticcarbonin1992.Pictorially,onecanunderstandthestructureoftheCNTtobeamorelikeanelongatedfullerene

6、moleculewithhalfabuckyballcappedateitherendtoformacapsule-likecarbonenclosure.Figure16.1showsaschematic3Drepresentationofasingle-walledcarbonnanotube.(Notethattheimagedepictsthemorphologyofasingle-walledcarbonnanotubeinarudimentaryfashionanddoesnotincorporatethehex

7、agonalbuildingblocksofananotube.)ScanningtunnelingmicroscopystudieshaveprovidedstrongevidencethatCNTsoccurinvariedchiralconfigurations[4]andlayers[2].Atomicforcemicroscopystudieshavebroughttolighttheamazingmechanical[5]andelectricalproperties[6]V.KunduruDepartmento

8、fElectrical&ComputerEngineering,PortlandStateUniversity,FABSuite160,1900SW4thAvenue,Portland,OR97207-0751,USAJ.E.Morris(ed.)Nanopackaging:Nanotec