a scalable and loop-free multicast internet protocol

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1、AScalableandLoop-FreeMulticastInternetProtocolM.ParsaandJ.J.Garcia-Luna-AcevesComputerEngineeringDepartment,UCSC,SantaCruz,CA95064ABSTRACTInnetworkmultimediaapplications,suchasmultipartyteleconferencing,usersoftenneedtosendthesameinformationtoseveral(bu

2、tnotnecessarilyall)otherusers.Tomanagesuchone-to-manyormany-to-manycommunicationecientlyinwide-areainternetworks,itisimperativetosupportandperformmulticastrouting.Multicastroutingsendsasinglecopyofamessagefromasourcetomultiplereceiversoveracommunicatio

3、nlinkthatissharedbythepathstothereceivers.Loop-freedomisaspeciallyimportantconsiderationinmulticasting.Becauseapplicationsusingmulticastingtendtobemultimediaandbandwidthintensive,andloopsinmulticastroutingduplicatesloopingpackets.Wepresentanewmulticastr

4、outingprotocol,calledMulticastInternetProtocol(MIP),whichoersasimpleand exibleapproachtoconstructingbothgroup-sharedandshortest-pathsmulticasttrees.MIPcanbesender-initiatedorreceiver-initiatedorboth;therefore,itcanbetailoredtotheparticularnatureofanapp

5、lication'sgroupdynamicsandsize.MIPisindependentoftheunderlyingunicastroutingalgorithmsused.MIPisrobustandadaptsunderdynamicnetworkconditions(topologyorlinkcostchanges)tomaintainloop-freemulticastrouting.Understablenetworkconditions,MIPhasnomaintenanceor

6、controlmessageoverhead.Keywords:multicastrouting,distributedalgorithms1INTRODUCTIONTomanageone-to-manyormany-to-manycommunicationecientlyinwide-areainternetworks,itisimper-ativetosupportandperformmulticastrouting.Multicastroutingsendsonlyasinglecopyofa

7、messagefromasourcetomultiplereceiversoveracommunicationlinkthatissharedbythepathstothereceivers.Multi-castingcanbenetawidearrayofnetworkapplications,includingmultipartyvideooraudioteleconferencing,collaborativeenvironments,replicateddatabases,resourced

8、iscovery,andparallelprocessing.Multicastingissupportedinlocalareanetworks(LANs)usinghardwaretechnologies.Recently,multicastinghasbeenextendedtointernetworksbyDeering[4].BasedonDeering'sworkandbuiltintotheTCP/IPprotocolsuite,thein