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1、TheCultureof•TechnologyTheCultureofTechnologyArnoldPaceyTheMITPressCambridge,MassachusettsNinthprinting,2000FirstMITPressedition,1983©ArnoldPacey1983Allrightsreserved.Nopartofthispublicationmaybereproduced,storedinaretrievalsystem,ortransmitted,inanyformorbyanymeans,electronic,
2、mechanical,photocopying,recordingorotherwise,withoutthepriorpermissionofthepublisher.PrintedandboundintheUnitedStatesofAmericabyMaple-Vail,Inc.LibraryofCongressCataloginginPublicationDataPacey,Arnold.Thecultureoftechnology.Bibliography:p.Includesindex.I.Technology.I.Title.T49.5
3、.P31983306'.4683-11393ISBN0-262-16093-5(hard)0-262-66056-3(paper)Contents..AcknowledgementsVll1Technology:PracticeandCulture12BeliefsaboutProgress133TheCultureofExpertise354BeliefsaboutResources555ImperativesandCreativeCulture786WomenandWiderValues977Value-conflictsandInstituti
4、ons1208InnovativeDialogue1379CulturalRevolution160Notes180SeleaBibliography200Index203AcknowledgementsThisbookoffersasomewhatpersonalviewoftechnologyforwhichonlyIcanbeblamed;butequally,itoffersawide-rangingview,andthathasputmeingreatdebttocolleagueswithbroaderexperiencethanmine
5、.TherehasalsobeenacollectivestimulusfrommanypeopleintheorganizationsforwhichIhaveworkedduringthelastdecade,especiallytheOpenUniversityandOXFAM,butalsotheInstituteofDevelopmentStudies(UniversityofSussex),theIntermediateTech•nologyDevelopmentGroup,andtheLondonSchoolofHygieneandTr
6、opicalMedicine.Individualdebtsarealwaysdifficulttoidentifywithjustice,butIamconsciousthatDavidBradleyandCharlesWebsterpointedmetowardmuchoftheinostvaluableofthisexperience.Anotherparticularlyvaluableformofhelphascomefromthosewho,throughprompting,loansandgifts,havecausedmetofill
7、someofthegapsinmyalwayspatchyreading,includingTonyBarker,AliceCrampin,JacquesGrinevald(Geneva),RogerNewton,PhilipPacey,SimonWatt,andPennyWilliams(Calgary).Thosewhohavehelpedbyreadingchaptersindraft,andoftenwritinglengthycomments,areAngusBuchanan,ShioneCarden,HowardErskineHill,D
8、avidFarrar,SylviaFarrar,JohnNaughton,AlisonRavetz,Jerr
