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1、TheLatheandItsConstruction(原文)FromMechanicalEngineeringEnglishAlatheisamachinetoolusedprimarilyforproducingsurfacesofrevolutionandflatedges.Basedontheirpurpose,construction,numberoftoolsthatcansimultaneouslybemounted,anddegreeofautomation,lathes-or,moreaccurately,lathe-typemachinetoolscanbeclassifie
2、dasfollows:(1)Enginelathes(2)Toolroomlathes(3)Turretlathes(4)Verticalturningandboringmills(5)Automaticlathes(6)Special-purposelathesInspiteofthatdiversityoflathe-typemachinetools,theyallhavecommonfeatureswithrespecttoconstructionandprincipleofoperation.Thesefeaturescanbestbeillustratedbyconsideringt
3、hecommonlyusedrepresentativetype,theenginelathe.Followingisadescriptionofeachofthemainelementsofanenginelathe,whichisshowninFig.11.1.Lathebed.Thelathebedisthemainframe,involvingahorizontalbeamontwoverticalsupports.Itisusuallymadeofgreyornodularcastirontodampvibrationsandismadebycasting.Ithasguideway
4、stoallowthecarriagetoslideeasilylengthwise.Theheightofthelathebedshouldbeappropriatetoenablethetechniciantodohisorherjobeasilyandcomfortably.Headstock.Theheadstockisfixedatthelefthandsideofthelathebedandincludesthespindlewhoseaxisisparalleltotheguideways(theslidesurfaceofthebed).Thespindleisdriventh
5、roughthegearbox,whichishousedwithintheheadstock.Thefunctionofthegearboxistoprovideanumberofdifferentspindlespeeds(usually6upto18speeds).Somemodernlatheshaveheadstockswithinfinitelyvariablespindlespeeds,whichemployfrictional,electrical,orhydraulicdrives.Thespindleisalwayshollow,i.e.,ithasathroughhole
6、extendinglengthwise.Barstockscanbefedthroughthatholeifcontinuousproductionisadopted.Also,thatholehasataperedsurfacetoallowmountingaplainlathecenter.Theoutersurfaceofthespindleisthreadedtoallowmountingofachuck,afaceplate,orthelike.Tailstock.Thetailstockassemblyconsistsbasicallyofthreeparts,itslowerba
7、se,anintermediatepart,andthequill.Thelowerbaseisacastingthatcanslideonthelathebedalongtheguideways,andithasaclampingdevicetoenablelockingtheentiretailstockatanydesiredlocation,dependinguponthelengthof
