2013年科普文章二

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1、2013年科普文章二【上海卷】(C)AteamofengineersatHarvardUniversityhasbeeninspiredbyNaturetocreatethefirstroboticfly.Themechanicalflyhasbecomeaplatformforaseriesofnewhigh-techsystems.Designedtodowhataflydoesnaturally,thetinymachineisthesizeofafathousefly・Itsminiwingsallowittostayintheairandperformcontrolledfligh

2、ttasks.'It'sextremelyimportsntforustothinkaboutthisasawholesystemandnotjustthesumofabunchofindividualcomponents(元件)'"saidRobertWood,theHarvardengineeringprofessorwhohasbeenworkingontheroboticflyprojectforoveradecade・Afewyearsago,histeamgotthego-aheadtostartpiecingtogetherthecomponents."Theaddeddiff

3、icultywithaprojectlikethisisthatactuallynoneofthosecomponentsareofftheshelfandsowehavetodevelopthemallonourown/hesaid・Theyengineeredaseriesofsystemstostartanddrivetheroboticfly."Theseeminglysimplesystemwhichjustmovesthewingshasanumberofinterdependenciesontheindividualcomponents,eachofwhichindividua

4、llyhastoperformwell,butthenhastobematchedwelltoeveryth!ngit'sconnectedto/saidWood・Theflightdevicewasbuiltintoasetofpower,computation,sensingandcontrolsystems・Woodsaysthesuccessoftheprojectprovesthattheflyingrobotwiththesetinycomponentscanbebuiltandmanufactured・Whilethisfirstroboticflyerislinkedtoas

5、mall,off-boardpowersource,thegoaliseventuallytoequipitwithabuilt-jnpowersource,sothatitmightsomedayperformdata-gatheringworkatrescuesites,infarmers"fieldsoronthebattlefield."Basicallyitshouldbeabletotakeoff,landandflyaround/hesaid・Woodsaysthedesignoffersanewwaytostudyflightmechanicsandcontrolatinse

6、ct-scale・Yet,thepower,sensingandcomputationtechnologiesonboardcouldhavemuchbroaderapplications."Youcanstartthinkingaboutusingthemtoansweropenscientificquestions,youknow,tostudybiologyinwaysthatwouldbedifficultwiththeanimals,butusingtheserobotsinstead/hesaid."Sotherearealotoftechnologiesandopeninter

7、estingscientificquestionsthatarereallywhatdrivesusonaday-to-daybasis."72.Thedifficultytheteamofengineersmetwithwhilemakingtheroboticflywasthat・A.theyhadnomodelintheirmindB.theydidnothavesufficienttimeC・they