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1、THEROYALTETRAPODDINGANDTHEROYALDINGSACRIFICE*商王的四足鼎与鼎的祭祀byElizabethChilds-Johnson3rdInternationalConferenceonBronzeCivilizationandArchaeometryTongling-HefeiChina,24-26September2008Thelarge-scaletetrapoddingbronzevesselofShangdatestandsoutintheculturalhistoryofthiseraforsever
2、alreasons,oneofwhichisthatthisvesseltypeisthelargestevercaste.ThedingvesselalsoappearsastheobjectofsacrificeintheroyaldingsacrificementionedinShangboneinscriptions.ThetetrapoddingisknownthroughexcavationsofEarlythroughLateShangdate,ca.1700-1100BCE,andthedingsacrificeisknowni
3、nextantinscriptionsofprimarilyLateShangdate.Inordertounderstandthesignificanceofthelarge-scaletetrapoddinginShangancestorworshipandreligio-politicalpracticerelevantarchaeologicalandpaleographicdatashallbeanalyzed.MostearlyChinaspecialistsareawareofthenewlydiscoveredcoppermin
4、esinnortheasternYunnan,justacrosstheSichuanbordersouthofChongqing(JinZhengyao2002and2008).Specialistsarealsoawarethattheseminespossessanabundantsupplyofcopperandtinores,andthattheleadfromthesameminesisahighlyradiogenictypethatcanbetracedmetallurgicallyinbronzevesselsthrougho
5、uttheEarlyShangkingdom,fromSanxingduiandZhengzhou,HenanthroughtoPinglu,Shanxi;Panlongcheng,Hubei;andXingan,Jiangxi(Jin2002),allEarlyShangsiteswithstellarbronzes.ItisalsoknownthatvariousminesinsouthChinaotherthanthosewithcopperandleadresourcesinYunnanwereknownduringtheShangpe
6、riod.ThesesitesincludeDayeinHubei,TonglushaninJiangxi,andTonglinginAnhui(LuBenshan).ThesuddenexplosioninbronzemininginsouthChinaevidentlywasduetoalarge-scaleexpansionatthebeginningoftheShangperiodthatledtogreatercontrolandaccessoutsidetheirnortherncapitalinHenan.Althoughprec
7、iseevidencecomparingdatafromthesemineswithexcavatedbronzecontentsisnotyetcomplete,theexploitationofores,particularlycopperandtinatsouthChinasitesduringtheEarlyShangperiodmaybesecurelydocumented(Jin2008,132002).ThesuddenexpansionoftheEarlyShangkingdomisalsocorroboratedbytheex
8、plosionincasting,inparticularlarge-scalebronzetetrapoddingvesselsthat,asana
