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1、Chapter3Chapter3FundamentaltoCrystalFundamentaltoCrystalChemistryChemistryOutlineOutline¢RadiusRadius¢ClosePackingClosePacking¢CoortinationCoortination¢IonicPolarizationIonicPolarization¢ElectronegativityElectronegativity¢PaulingRulesPaulingRules¢CrystalFiel
2、dandLigandFieldCrystalFieldandLigandFieldChap3.1Chap3.1IonicRadiusIonicRadiusandandAtomicRadiusAtomicRadiusIonicRadiusIonicRadiusandandAtomicRadiusAtomicRadiusi.e.:SphericalRadius(TheCubageoftheatomortheion)TheMovingrangeoftheelectronorthesurroundingoftheele
3、ctron¢EffectiveRadiusEffectiveRadius：：TheRadiusthattheatomortheionincontactwitheachother.AttractionRepulsionAttractionRepulsionIonicradius：r=r+r+-Covalentradius：r=r+rABMetalradius：r＝r/2metalChap3.2Chap3.2ClosePackedClosePackedStructuresStructuresClosedClosed
4、--PackedStructuresPackedStructuresTheinnerenergy(U)isapttolowest.ClosePackedlayersHcpFccBccofequal-sizedspheresSequenceVoidTetrahedralOctahedralCNExampleslayersvolumeIntersticesIntersticesHcpAB26%2nn12Os,Ir,ZnO,AlNFccABC26%2nn12Cu,g-FeBaO,NaCl32%8a-Fe,BccNa,
5、KClosepackingofequal-sizedspheres：TetrahedralInterstices:(n×8)/4OctahedralInterstices：(n×6)/6¢Ideally,anionsformclosepackedstructureswhilecationsfillsintheinterspaces.¢Infact，anionsformclosepackedstructureswithcertaindistortionsapproximately.Eg.NaCl,LiF,TiN,
6、andsimpleoxidesuchasMgOandNiO.。Chap3.3Chap3.3CoordinationCoordinationCoordinationNumberandCoordinationNumberandCoordinationPolyhedronCoordinationPolyhedron¢CoordinationNumberCoordinationNumber::Thenumberofanionssurroundingthecation¾¾coordinationPolyhedron:co
7、ordinationPolyhedron:inacrystalstructuretheanionisalsosurroundedbyacoordinationpolyhedronofcations.FactorsAffectingFactorsAffectingCoordinationNumberCoordinationNumber¢RadiusRatio¢ChemicalBondEg.r/rCN¢CovalentCrystal：+_CsCl0.938CN£4NaCl0.526IonicCrystal：Clos
8、e-packing,cationof12ZnS0.404andanionof4and6Non-closepacking,cation¢IonicPolarization<12andanionof2,3,4,6,5,7¢TemperatureandPressureThecoordinationnumberisdeterminedThecoordinationnumberisdetermi
