(AFM)Atomic force microscopy.pdf

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1、Atomicforcemicroscopy-Wikipedia,thefreeencyclopediahttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Atomic_force_microscopy第1页共10页2011-8-818:04Atomicforcemicroscopy-Wikipedia,thefreeencyclopediahttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Atomic_force_microscopyFromWikipedia,thefreeencyclopediaAtomicforcemicroscopy(AFM)orscanningf

2、orcemicroscopy(SFM)isaveryhigh-resolutiontypeofscanningprobemicroscopy,withdemonstratedresolutionontheorderoffractionsofananometer,morethan1000timesbetterthantheopticaldiffractionlimit.TheprecursortotheAFM,thescanningtunnelingmicroscope,wasdevelopedbyGerdBinnigandHeinrichRohrerintheearly1980satI

3、BMResearch-Zurich,adevelopmentthatearnedthemtheNobelPrizeforPhysicsin1986.Binnig,QuateandGerberinventedthefirstatomicforceAcommercialAFMsetupmicroscope(alsoabbreviatedasAFM)in1986.Thefirstcommerciallyavailableatomicforcemicroscopewasintroducedin1989.TheAFMisoneoftheforemosttoolsforimaging,measur

4、ing,andmanipulatingmatteratthenanoscale.Theinformationisgatheredby"feeling"thesurfacewithamechanicalprobe.Piezoelectricelementsthatfacilitatetinybutaccurateandprecisemovementson(electronic)commandenabletheveryprecisescanning.Insomevariations,electricpotentialscanalsobescannedusingconductingcanti

5、levers.Innewermoreadvancedversions,currentscanevenbepassedthroughthetiptoprobetheelectricalconductivityortransportoftheunderlyingsurface,butthisismuchmorechallengingwithveryfewresearchgroupsreportingreliabledata.Blockdiagramofatomicforcemicroscope1Basicprinciples2Imagingmodes2.1Contactmode2.2Non

6、-contactmode2.3Tappingmode3AFMcantileverdeflectionmeasurement4Forcespectroscopy5Identificationofindividualsurfaceatoms6Advantagesanddisadvantages6.1Advantages6.2Disadvantages7Piezoelectricscanners8Seealso9References10Externallinks11Furtherreading第2页共10页2011-8-818:04Atomicforcemicroscopy-Wikipedi

7、a,thefreeencyclopediahttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Atomic_force_microscopyTheAFMconsistsofacantileverwithasharptip(probe)atitsendthatisusedtoscanthespecimensurface.Thecantileveristypicallysiliconorsiliconnitridewithatipradius