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1、ɶìúúì̻←ͽɜ̥ì̅źúʼͽɽˣʷ←ź˃̆ͽʎ̖̪ìúͽùā[í}¢¢éÅ}ì´`õ•üùɶŕéùõ´•ù´jûÑÜüõ´k¶ï~Üü´qäÜûü®´ʓ₪ʶŒŐĭͽɇĭļ̺ļŒŐͽ#&ŝ®⊬āøĚĘĘàɌàͽĚɊͽʒøɛàʁøàͽȮÄÆˎɡÈ̻ȫȵÈɯê½Æ̻ɚÄȧê½êɹ̻66&úû&1ǜ2&&ʑ¬ÛÜÆØøÝāKennethIrelandMichaelRosen(deceased)DepartmentofMathematicsBrownUniversityProvidence,RI02912USAEditor
2、ialBoardJ.H.EwingF.W.GehringP.R.HalmosDepartmentofDepartmentofDepartmentofMathematicsMathematicsMathematicsIndianaUniversityUniversityofMichiganSantaClaraUniversityBloomington,IN47405AnnArbor,MI48109SantaClara,CA95053USAUSAUSAWith1illustration.MathematicsSubjectCla
3、ssification:11-01,11-02LibraryofCongressCataloging-in-PublicationDataIreland,KennethF.Aclassicalintroductiontomodemnumbertheory/KennethIreland,MichaelRosen.-2nded.p.cm.-(Graduatetextsinmathematics;84)Includesbibliographicalreferencesandindex.1.Numbertheory.I.Rosen,
4、MichaelI.II.Title.III.Series.QA241.I6671990512.7-dc2090-9848"AClassicalIntroductiontoModemNumberTheory"isarevisedandexpandedversionof"ElementsofNumberTheory"publishedin1972byBogdenandQuigley,Inc.,Publishers.©1972,1982,1990Springer-VerlagNewYork,Inc.Allrightsreserve
5、d.Thisworkmaynotbetranslatedorcopiedinwholeorinpartwithoutthewrittenpermissionofthepublisher(Springer-VerlagNewYork,Inc.,175FifthAvenue,NewYork,NY10010,USA),exceptforbriefexcerptsinconnectionwithreviewsorscholarlyanalysis.Useinconnectionwithanyfonnofinformationstor
6、ageandretrieval,electronicadaptation,computersoftware,orbysimilarordissimilarmethodologynowknownorhereafterdevelopedisforbidden.Theuseofgeneraldescriptivenames,tradenames,trademarks,etc.,inthispubJication,evenifthefonnerarenotespeciallyidentified,isnottobetakenasas
7、ignthatsuchnames,asunderstoodbytheTradeMarksandMerchandiseMarksAct,mayaccordinglybeusedfreelybyanyone.ISBN0-387-97329-XSpringer-VerlagNewYorkBerlinHeidelbergISBN3-540-97329-XSpringer-VerlagBerlinHeidelbergNewYorkPrefacetotheSecondEditionItisnow10yearssincethefirste
8、ditionofthisbookappearedin1980.Theinterveningdecadehasseentremendousadvancestakeplaceinmathematicsgenerally,andinnumbertheoryinparticular.Itwould
