Introduction to Physical Oceanography.pdf

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1、IntroductionToPhysicalOceanographyRobertH.StewartDepartmentofOceanographyTexasA&MUniversityCopyright2003August2003EditioniiContentsPrefacevii1AVoyageofDiscovery11.1Physicsoftheocean.........................11.2Goals.................................21.3Or

2、ganization.............................31.4TheBigPicture............................31.5FurtherReading...........................42TheHistoricalSetting72.1Definitions...............................82.2ErasofOceanographicExploration.................82.3Mil

3、estonesintheUnderstandingoftheOcean...........112.4EvolutionofsomeTheoreticalIdeas................152.5TheRoleofObservationsinOceanography............162.6ImportantConcepts.........................193ThePhysicalSetting213.1OceansandSeas..................

4、.........223.2DimensionsoftheOceans......................233.3Sea-FloorFeatures..........................253.4MeasuringtheDepthoftheOcean.................293.5SeaFloorChartsandDataSets...................333.6SoundintheOcean.........................353.7I

5、mportantConcepts.........................374AtmosphericInfluences394.1TheEarthinSpace..........................394.2AtmosphericWindSystems.....................414.3ThePlanetaryBoundaryLayer...................434.4MeasurementofWind........................4

6、34.5CalculationsofWind.........................464.6WindStress..............................484.7ImportantConcepts.........................49iiiivCONTENTS5TheOceanicHeatBudget515.1TheOceanicHeatBudget......................515.2Heat-BudgetTerms...........

7、...............535.3DirectCalculationofFluxes.....................575.4IndirectCalculationofFluxes:BulkFormulas...........585.5GlobalDataSetsforFluxes.....................615.6GeographicDistributionofTerms..................655.7MeridionalHeatTransport...

8、..................685.8MeridionalFreshWaterTransport.................715.9VariationsinSolarConstant.....................715.10ImportantConcepts.........................736Temperature,Salinity,andDensity756.1DefinitionofSali