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1、JOURNALOFAPPLIEDPHYSICS107,0631082010Modeloflaser-inducedtemperaturechangesinsolid-stateopticalrefrigerators1,a122W.M.Patterson,M.Sheik-Bahae,R.I.Epstein,andM.P.Hehlen1PhysicsandAstronomy,TheUniversityofNewMexico,800YaleBlvd.NE,Albuquerque,NewMexico87131,USA2LosAlamosNationalLaboratory,LosAlamo
2、s,NewMexico87545,USAReceived21October2009;accepted13November2009;publishedonline29March2010WepresentanefÞcientandnumericallystablemethodtocalculatetime-dependent,laser-inducedtemperaturedistributionsinsolidsandprovideadetaileddescriptionofthecomputationalprocedureanditsimplementation.Thisstudyco
3、mbinesthetwo-dimensionalheatequationwithlaser-inducedheatgenerationandtemperature-dependentluminescence.Thetime-dependentopticalresponseofasystemisobtainednumericallybytheCrankÐNicolsonmethod.ThisgeneralmodelisappliedtothespeciÞccaseofopticalrefrigerationinytterbiumYb3+dopedßuorozirconateglassZ
4、BLAN.Thelaser-inducedtemperaturechangeuponopticalpumpingandtherespectivetransientluminescenceresponsearecalculatedandcomparedtoexperimentaldata.Themodelsuccessfullypredictsthezero-crossingtemperature,thenetquantumefÞciency,andthefunctionalshapeofthetransients.WeÞndthatthelaser-coolingtransientsha
5、veafastandaslowcomponentthataredeterminedbytheexcited-statelifetimeoftheluminescentionandthethermalpropertiesofthebulk,respectively.ThetoolspresentedheremayÞndapplicationinthedesignofawiderangeofopticalandoptoelectronicdevices.©2010AmericanInstituteofPhysics.doi:10.1063/1.3277009I.INTRODUCTIONAs
6、anexample,weapplythemethodtoopticalrefrig-erationintheYb3+dopedßuorozirconateglassZBLANThermalprocessesinluminescentmaterialsareacriticalZrF4ÐBaF2ÐLaF3ÐAlF3ÐNaF.Thedevelopmentoflaser-factordeterminingtheperformanceofsolid-stateopticalcoolingmaterialsanddeviceshasmadesigniÞcantprogress12refrigera
7、tors,lasergainmaterials,displayandlampoverthepastdecade.1,19Thefocushasbeenprimarilyonthe34Ð6phosphors,solid-statelightingdevices,luminescentstudyofavarietyofrare-earthdopedmaterialsandwaysto7Ð9biomarkers,andÞber
