English - How to write essays and reports.doc

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1、www.lanzarotecaliente.com(presscontrol&clickhere)HowtowriteessaysandreportsAnessayisaformalwrittendiscussion,whereasareportdescribesanevent.Theserulesapplytoboth.Preparing:·Brainstormforideas.Mindmapsandheadlights(seebelow)helptogenerate/groupideas.·Makeatopicwebbyarrangingideasinalogicalo

2、rderunderheadings.(Seebelow.)Composing:·Makearoughdraftonaseparatesheetofpaper.-Useseparateparagraphsforeachnewidea.Introducetheparagraphswitha'topicsentence'.-Linkideaswithsuitableconnectives.Avoidstartingsentenceswith'and','but',and'so',andusemoreformalconnectivesinstead.·Avoidcolloquial

3、ismsandcontractions.·Checktherulesofpunctuation.Donotoverusecommas,exclamationmarksandhyphens.·Avoidcomplexsentences.Shortsentencesareeasiertoreadandhavemoreimpact.Note:Essaysandreportsshouldnotbepersonal.Avoid'I'and'we',andusethepassivewherepossible.Checkingandpolishing:·Useadictionary.·T

4、ocheckthatyourwriting'flows',readitaloudtoyourself.Tocheckthatyourwritingisclear,readitaloudtosomeoneelse.·Checkyourgrammar,spellingandpunctuation,especiallyforthemistakesyoumakemostoften.UsefulconnectivesforreportsandessaysAddingapointaswellmoreoverfurthermoreinadditionQualifying/contrast

5、ingontheonehand...ontheotherhand...nevertheless–despite+nouninspiteof+-ingGivingareasonsincebecauseofduetoowingtoGivingaresultthusthereforeasaresultconsequentlyShowingsimilarityequallyinthesamewaysimilarlylikewiseGeneralizingingeneralbyandlargeasaruleonthewholeRankingfirstandforemostabove

6、allmostimportantlyListingfirst(ly)-second(ly-third(ly)-fourth(ly)-finallyfirstofalllastbutnotleastGivinganexampleforexampleforinstancebywayofillustrationtoillustratethepointEmphasizinginfactindeedClarifyingnamelythatistosaytoputitanotherwayinotherwordsConcludingtosumuptoconcludeallinallinc

7、onclusionUsefulVocabularyCONNECTIVESØ(spatialrelationship):above,along.around,behind,beside,beyond,down,here,in,infrontof,inthemiddle,nearby,on,ontheright,off,over,past,straightahead,there,to,towards,up,where,...Ø(temporalrelationship):afterwards,already,befor