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1、HowtoWriteinPlainEnglish(白话英语)刘裔安(Y.A.Liu)中国石化股份公司总裁办公室高级顾问美国VirginiaTech化学工程系讲座教授1.WhatisPlainEnglish?'PlainEnglish'islanguagethattheintendedaudiencecanunderstandandactuponfromasinglereading.2.TheFoot-in-the-MouthAward,PlainLanguageCampaign(2003)2003年12月２日，Pl
2、ainEnglishCampaign（英国简明英语组织）颁发的2003年度“驴唇不对马嘴奖”(Foot-in-theMouthAward)，摘取桂冠的竟是美国国防部长拉姆斯菲尔德(U.S.SecretaryofDefense,DonaldRumsfeld)，获奖作品是2003年２月他在北约国防部长会议新闻发布会上就伊拉克大规模杀伤性武器问题发表的那番“知道不知道”的言论:“就我们所知，有些事情早已是众所周知的。有些事情我们知道自己知道。我们也知道，有些事情早已是已知的未知。这也就是说，我们现在知道了，有些事情我们其
3、实并不知道。但也有一些事情是未知的未知——这些事，我们并不知道自己不知道。”“Reportsthatsaythatsomethinghasn'thappenedarealwaysinterestingtome,becauseasweknow,thereareknownknowns;therearethingsweknowweknow.Wealsoknowthereareknownunknowns;thatistosay,weknowtherearesomethingswedonotknow.Buttherearea
4、lsounknownunknowns—theoneswedon'tknowwedon'tknow.”13.WorldwideCampaignonWritinginPlainEnglishPRESIDENTIALMEMORANDUMONPLAINLANGUAGETHEWHITEHOUSEWASHINGTONJUNE1,1998MEMORANDUMFORTHEHEADSOFEXECUTIVEDEPARTMENTSANDAGENCIESSUBJECT:PlainLanguageinGovernmentWritingThe
5、VicePresidentandIhavemadereinventingtheFederalGovernmentatoppriorityofmyAdministration.WearedeterminedtomaketheGovernmentmoreresponsive,accessible,andunderstandableinitscommunicationswiththepublic.TheFederalGovernment'swritingmustbeinplainlanguage.Byusingplain
6、language,wesendaclearmessageaboutwhattheGovernmentisdoing,whatitrequires,andwhatservicesitoffers.PlainlanguagesavestheGovernmentandtheprivatesectortime,effort,andmoney.Plainlanguagerequirementsvaryfromonedocumenttoanother,dependingontheintendedaudience.Plainla
7、nguagedocumentshavelogicalorganization,easy-to-readdesignfeatures,anduse:*common,everydaywords,exceptfornecessarytechnicalterms:*"you"andotherpronouns:*theactivevoice;and*shortsentences.(Noteadded:Wecancallthesepeastohelpusremembertherules:p-pronouns;e-everyda
8、ywords;a-activevoice;s-shortsentences).Toensuretheuseofplainlanguage,Idirectyoutodothefollowing:*ByOctober1,1998,useplainlanguageinallnewdocuments,otherthanregulations,thatexplainh
