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1、Chapter2CityLogisticsCitylogisticsserviceprovidersareexpectedtoofferhighquality,reasonablypriceddeliveryservicesintheenvironmentofcongestedurbanareas.Theroleofcitylogisticsserviceprovidershasbecomemoreandmoreimportantinrecentyears,sincejust-in-timeconceptshavefoundtheirwayint
2、ocomplexsupplychains.Thisisreflectedbychallengingrestrictionsfordeliveryintermsoftightdeliverytimewindows.Furthermore,citylogisticsserviceprovidersareoftentheonlyphysicalandlegalactivityperceivedbythecustomer,leadingtoincreasingimportanceofreliabilityandservicequalityofdeliver
3、y.Onlineretail,forexample,makesconsumersbelievethatgoodsareavailableatalltimesinalmostnotimeatalmostanycosts,butdeliveryconceptsareactuallyverydemanding.Inthischapter,challengesforcitylogisticsserviceprovidersarehighlighted,espe-ciallywithregardtoincreasingtrafficvolumesinurba
4、nareasandincreasingcomplexityofsupplychains(Sect.2.1).Planningofreliabledeliverytoursasksforamoresophisticatedplanningapproach,whichcanbederivedfromcitylogisticsconcepts.Tothisend,servicesofcitylogisticsserviceprovidersareanalyzedinrelationwithopti-mizationofurbanfreighttrans
5、portationsystems(Sect.2.2).Citylogisticsconceptsfollowanintegratedapproach,aligningcommercialactivitieswithrequirementsofdifferentstakeholders.CorrespondingmethodologyisexemplifiedinSect.2.3,aimingatthemodelingoftheurbanfreighttransportationsystemasawhole.Subsequently,thepersp
6、ectiveisconstrictedtoplanningsystemsforcitylogisticsserviceproviders.Strategic,tacticalandoperationalplanningaredistinguished,andfunctionalityrequiredforadvancedplanningsystemsincitylogisticsroutingisdefined(Sect.2.4).2.1ChallengesThetwenty-firstcenturyisgoingtobecomeacenturyof
7、urbanization,sincegrowingcitiesfacilitatemoreattractiveopportunitiesforemployment,education,cultural,andsportactivities(Taniguchietal.2008).In2008,forthefirsttime,J.F.Ehmke,IntegrationofInformationandOptimizationModelsforRoutinginCity9Logistics,InternationalSeriesinOperationsR
8、esearch&ManagementScience177,DOI:10.1007/978-1-4614-3628-7_2,ÓSpring
