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1、ManandWorm20:85-102(1987)9MartinusNijhoffPublishers,Dordrecht-PrintedintheNetherlandsARTANDTRUTHINSCHOPENHAUERANDNIETZSCHEJACQUESTAMINIAUXInstitutSupdrieurdePhilosophie,Coll~geThomasMore(SH3),Chemind'Aristote1,B-1348Louvain-la-Neuve,BelgiumMypurposeinthislectureistoelucidateNietzsche'saphorism:"W
2、ehaveartsothatwedonotperishoftruth".Beforetryingtocastsomelightonthisenigmaticsentenceandinordertodoso,itisappropriatetorecallthebasicfeaturesofSchopenhauer'sphilosophyofart.IndeedNietzschestartedshapinghisownphilosophyofartundertheinfluenceofSchopenhauer.AsProfessorPhilonenkoputsit,inarecentbooke
3、ntitledSchopenhauer-Unephilosophiedelatragddie,Schopenhaueris"themanofasinglebook,whichherewroteseveraltimes,"namelyTheWorldasWillandRepresentation.1Philonenkoarguesthatthebook,inmanyrespects,showsthatSchopenhauerwasthelastgreatphilosopherofGermanIdealism.IndeedhisinitialinspirationcamefromKant;he
4、foundinKanthiskeydistinctionsbetweenthething-in-itselfandphenomena,andbetweenIdeasandconcepts,andtheverystructureofhisbook-itsdevelopmentthroughatheoryofknowledge,ametaphysicsofnature,ametaphysicsofart,atheoryofethicallife-iscomparabletothesystematicstructureofotherpost-kantianphilosophieslikeSche
5、lling'sorHegel's.Butsuchakinshipismeaninglessifwedonotrealizethat,ineveryrespect,SchopenhaueraimsatsubvertingthedoctrineofalltheotherGermanidealists.WhereasallotherGermanidealistsattemptedtoachieveandaccomplishmodernrationalityasconceivedbyDescartes,anddevelopedbytheEnlightenment,Schopenhauerinste
6、adwasconvincedthattheprestigeofreasoninwhateverfield,philosophy,naturalsciences,politicaltheory,theoryofhistoricalprogress,issheerdeception.86Let'slookatthisclosely.TheverytitleofSchopenhauer'smainbookprovidesaclue.Thetitlesuggeststhatthereisbothacontinuityandadiscontinuitybetweenwillandrepresenta
7、tion.Theworldaswillisnotwhattheworldasrepresentationis,andstillitisoneandthesameworld.Thisdeservesconsideration.Theworldasrepresentationistheworldasitappears,theworldasphenomenon.Iftheword"world"means,asitdoesinS
