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1、DocumentaOphthalmologica93:61-71,1997.61(~)1997KluwerAcademicPublishers.PrintedintheNetherlands.SchopenhaueronvisionandthecolorsROBERTA.CRONEReguliersgracht1,1017LJAmsterdam,TheNetherlandsKeywords:anti-Newtonism,Aristotle,Goethe,Greece,Hering,RomanticismAbstract.ArthurSchope
2、nhauer(1788-1860)publishedhisbook,OnVisionandtheColorsin1816.HestartedfromAristotle'slinearcolorsystemandGoethe'sthreepairsofcontrastcolors.HisworkprecededHering'stheoryofopponentcolorsbuthispathtoinsightwasblockedbyhisanti-Newtonianismandhisneo-Hellenisticattitudetowardscie
3、nce.Becauseofhistheoryofthesubjectivityofcolorshewasaforerunnerofthepsycho-physiologicalvariantofneo-KantianismIntroductionTheGermanphilosopher,ArthurSchopenhauer(1788-1860),wasknownastheprophetofpessimism.Hisfamecamelate,buthiscreativeyearshadbeenmuchearlier:whenhewasinhis2
4、0's.In1813,hewrotehisfirstphilosophicalwork,adissertationontheproblemofcausality[1],andin1818,attheageof30years,hecompletedthemanuscriptofhischefd'oeuvreTheWorldasWillandRepresentation[2].Betweenthetwo,hewrotehisbook(1816)OnVisionandtheColors[3].Goethehadpublishedhistheoryof
5、colors[4]in1810,abookwhichheconsideredashismostimportantwork,butwhichwaspoorlyreceivedbythepress.Hefoundaproselyte,whowouldbeabletopropagatehisunappreciatedcolortheory,inthetalentedbutstubbornyoungphilosopher.Schopenhauerwasthesonofthepopularnovelist,JoannaSchopenhauer,whowa
6、safriendofGoethe.In1813and1814,SchopenhauerspentmuchtimewithGoethe.HewasinitiatedinGoethe'scolortheoryandsoonpublishedhisownbookonvisionandcolors,whichbearsthestampofGoethe'sinfluencebutdiffersonessentialpointsfromGoethe'slineofthought.ToGoethe'sdisappointmenttheyoungstudent
7、ofcolorstubbornlymaintainedhisaberrantpointofview.HewrotetoGoethe:'IamabsolutelycertainthatIhaveproducedthefirsttruetheoryofthecolors,thefirstinthehistoryofscience.IfIcompareyourtheorytoapyramid,thenmytheoryisitstopmostpoint'.Goetheremainedpolite,butrefusedtowriteaforewordto
8、Schopenhauer'sbook.TheliteratureonGoethe'scolortheoryisimmense,becauseGerma
