Diamond， Jared - Guns， Germs and Steel.pdf

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1、Diamond,Jared,Guns,GermsandSteel:Ashorthistoryofeverybodyforthelast13,000years.1997myownbookscanspreservedInthisPulitzerPrize-winningbook,JaredDiamondarguesthatbothgeographyandtheenvironmentplayedmajorrolesindeterminingtheshapeofthemodernworld.Thisargumentrunscountert

2、otheusualtheoriesthatcitebiologyasthecrucialfactor.Diamondclaimsthattheculturesthatwerefirstabletodomesticateplantsandanimalswerethenabletodevelopwritingskills,aswellasmakeadvancesinthecreationofgovernment,technology,weaponry,andimmunitytodiseasePrologue:Yali'sQuestio

3、n:Theregionallydifferingcoursesofhistory13Ch.1UptotheStartingLine:Whathappenedonallthecontinentsbefore11,000B.C.?35Ch.2ANaturalExperimentofHistory:HowgeographymoldedsocietiesonPolynesianislands53Ch.3CollisionatCajamarca:WhytheIncaemperorAtahuallpadidnotcaptureKingChar

4、lesIofSpain67Ch.4FarmerPower:Therootsofguns,germs,andsteel85Ch.5History'sHavesandHave-Nots:Geographicdifferencesintheonsetoffoodproduction93Ch.6ToFarmorNottoFarm:Causesofthespreadoffoodproduction104Ch.7HowtoMakeanAlmond:Theunconsciousdevelopmentofancientcrops114Ch.8Ap

5、plesorIndians:Whydidpeoplesofsomeregionsfailtodomesticateplants?131Ch.9Zebras,UnhappyMarriages,andtheAnnaKareninaPrinciple:Whyweremostbigwildmammalspeciesneverdomesticated?157Ch.10SpaciousSkiesandTiltedAxes:Whydidfoodproductionspreadatdifferentratesondifferentcontinen

6、ts?176Ch.11LethalGiftofLivestock:Theevolutionofgerms195Ch.12BlueprintsandBorrowedLetters:Theevolutionofwriting215Ch.13Necessity'sMother:Theevolutionoftechnology239Ch.14FromEgalitarianismtoKleptocracy:Theevolutionofgovernmentandreligion265Ch.15Yali'sPeople:Thehistories

7、ofAustraliaandNewGuinea295Ch.16HowChinabecameChinese:ThehistoryofEastAsia322Ch.17SpeedboattoPolynesia:ThehistoryoftheAustronesianexpansion334Ch.18HemispheresColliding:ThehistoriesofEurasiaandtheAmericascompared354Ch.19HowAfricabecameBlack:ThehistoryofAfrica376Epilogue

8、:TheFutureofHumanHistoryasaScience403Acknowledgments427FurtherReadings429Credits459Index461PREFACEWHYIsWORLDHISTORYLIKEANONI