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1、JournalofPragmatics34(2002)1427–1446www.elsevier.com/locate/pragmaThelimitsofquestioning:negativeinterrogativesandhostilequestioncontentJohnHeritage*DepartmentofSociology,UniversityofCalifornia,LosAngeles,CA90095,USAAbstractThispaperconsidersnegativeinterrogatives—qu
2、estionsbeginningwithsuchframesas‘Isn’tit’,‘Don’tyou’,‘Shouldn’tyou’etc.––aslimitingcasesof‘questioning’.Usingdatafromnewsinterviews,wherequestioningismandatoryandtheboundarybetweenquestionsandassertionscanbehighlysensitiveandcontested,itsuggeststhatthisformofinterrog
3、ativeisrecurrentlyproducedas,andtreatedas,avehicleforassertions.Furtherwhilenegativeinterrogativesarecontestedas‘assertions’,statementsaccompaniedbynegativetagsarenot.ThissuggeststhatBolinger’s(Bolinger,Dwight,1957.InterrogativeStructuresofAmericanEnglish.Universityo
4、fAlabamaPress,Alabama.)claimthatthetwoformatsareequivalentisincorrect.Somesuggestionsareofferedastowhythetwoformatsshouldbedifferentiallytreatedintermsoftheirassertiveness.#2002PublishedbyElsevierScienceB.V.Keywords:Questions;Interaction;Preference;Institutional;Newsin
5、terviews1.IntroductionInitsmostelementaryform,a‘question’isaformofsocialaction,designedtoseekinformationandaccomplishedinaturnattalkbymeansofinterrogativesyn-tax.‘Doyouhavethetime?’embodiesthisfusionofgrammarandsocialaction,andsodoes‘Whattimeisit?’Interrogativesyntax
6、isthestandardmeansofaccom-plishingthekindofsocialaction––henceforth‘questioning’—thatseeksinforma-tion,anditembodiesakindofsocialnormativitythatisfrozeningrammar—agrammaticalizednormativity.However,ithaslongbeenrecognizedthatthisfusionofformandfunctionisnotwithoutexc
7、eptions.Therearetwowaysinwhichthegrammarofinterrogativesmaynotmapontothesocialactionofquestioninginthisinformationseekingsense.First,questioningmaybeaccomplishedbyotherthaninterrogativelyformedsen-tences.Thereare,forexample,variousformsof‘declarativequestions’.Someof
8、*Tel.:+1-310-206-5216;fax:+1-310-206-9838.E-mailaddress:heritage@soc.ucla.edu(J.Heritage).0378-2166/02/$-seefrontmatter#2002Publish
