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1、英文资料SuspensionSuspensionisthetermgiventothesystemofsprings,shockabsorbersandlinkagesthatconnectsavehicletoitswheels.Suspensionsystemsserveadualpurpose一contributingtothecar'sroadholding/handlingandbrakingforgoodactivesafetyanddrivingpleasure,andkeepingvehicleoccupantscomfortablea
2、ndreasonablywellisolatedfromroadnoise,bumps,andvibrations,etc.Thesegoalsaregenerallyatodds,sothetuningofsuspensionsinvolvesfindingtherightcompromise.Itisimportantforthesuspensiontokeeptheroadwheelincontactwiththeroadsurfaceasmuchaspossible,becausealltheforcesactingonthevehicledo
3、sothroughthecontactpatchesofthetires.Thesuspensionalsoprotectsthevehicleitselfandanycargoorluggagefromdamageandwear.Thedesignoffrontandrearsuspensionofacarmaybedifferent.LeafspringshavebeenaroundsincetheearlyEgyptians.Ancientmilitaryengineersusedleafspringsintheformofbowstopower
4、theirsiegeengines,withlittlesuccessatfirst.Theuseofleafspringsincatapultswaslaterrefinedandmadetoworkyearslater.Springswerenotonlymadeofmetal,asturdytreebranchcouldbeusedasaspring,suchaswithabow.HorsedrawnvehiclesBytheearly19thcenturymostBritishhorsecarriageswereequippedwithspri
5、ngs;woodenspringsinthecaseoflightone-horsevehiclestoavoidtaxation,andsteelspringsinlargervehicles.Theseweremadeoflow-carbonsteelandusuallytooktheformofmultiplelayerleafsprings?11TheBritishsteelspringswerenotwellsuitedforuseonAmerica'sroughroadsofthetime,andcouldevencausecoachest
6、ocollapseifcorneredtoofast.Inthe1820s,theAbbotDowningCompanyofConcord,NewHampshiredevelopedasystemwherebythebodiesofstagecoachesweresupportedonleatherstrapscallednthoroughbraces,whichgaveaswingingmotioninsteadofthejoltingupanddownofaspringsuspension(thestagecoachitselfwassometi
7、mescalledaHthoroughbracen)AutomobilesAutomobileswereinitiallydevelopedasself-propelledversionsofhorsedrawnvehicles.However,horsedrawnvehicleshadbeendesignedforrelativelyslowspeedsandtheirsuspensionwasnotwellsuitedtothehigherspeedspermittedbytheinternalcombustionengine.In1903Mors
8、ofGermanyfirstfittedanautomobilewithshockabsorb