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1、X生物多样性2003,11(3):231~239BiodiversityScience云南高黎贡山怒族对植物传统利用的初步研究3刀志灵龙春林刘怡涛(中国科学院昆明植物研究所,昆明650204)摘要:采用民族生物学和文化人类学等方法,广泛调查和研究了云南西北部高黎贡山地区怒族对植物的传统利用形式。结果表明:怒族对植物的传统利用主要表现在食用、药用、观赏、宗教崇拜和文化利用等方面。讨论了怒族的传统文化在当地植物多样性利用和管理中的作用和意义,并探讨了在植物多样性管理中传统管理和现代管理之间的关系以及在我国利用文化多样性进行自然生态环境保护的可能性、必要性和可行性。此外,面对优秀
2、的传统文化知识和文化多样性逐渐消失的现实,作者建议加以拯救和广泛的研究。关键词:植物多样性,传统知识,文化多样性中图分类号:Q16文献标识码:A文章编号:1005-0094(2003)03-0231-09OntraditionalusesofplantsbytheNupeoplecommunityoftheGaoligongMountains,YunnanProvince3DAOZhi2Ling,LONGChun2Lin,LIUYi2TaoKunmingInstituteofBotany,ChineseAcademyofSciences,Kunming650204Abstr
3、act:WestudiedthetraditionalusesofplantsfordifferentpurposesbytheNupeopleinnorthGaoligongMountainsregion,northwesternYunnan,throughtheapproachesofethnobiology,culturalanthropologyandplantecology.TheresultsshowthattheNupeopletraditionallyuseplantsforfood,herbalmedicine,ornament,religiouswors
4、hip,andculture.Mostoftheplantsareusedforindividualhouseholdconsumptionandsomeforexchangingwithothernationalitiesorsellingatlocalmarkets.IndigenousNupeoplehavebeendependingonplantsforsurvivalanddevelopmentforalongtime.Traditionally,wildplantresourcesplayaveryimportantroleintheNupeoplecommun
5、ities.Uptonow,herbalplantsarestillthemainmedicineusedbytheNupeople.Fifty2fourspeciesofedibleplants,53speciesofmedicinalplants,54speciesofornamentalplants,and51speciesofculturalandreligiousplantsfrequentlyusedbyNupeoplewerelistedinthepresentpaper,aswellastheimpactoftraditionalcultureuponuti
6、lizationandmanagementoflocalplantdiversity.Therelationshipbetweentraditionalandmodernmanagementofplantdiversityisdiscussed.Thepossibility,necessityandfeasi2bilitytoutilizeindigenousculturaldiversityforecologicalandenvironmentalconservationinChinaarediscussedandproposed.Inaddition,wesuggest
7、thattheindigenousresourcemanagementknowledgeandculturediversityshouldbeconservedandextensivelystudied.Keywords:plantdiversity,indigenousknowledge,culturaldiversity方式多种多样,不仅深刻地影响和塑造了民族的文1引言化,而且对生物多样性的利用、保护与管理产生着深我国是多民族、多文化的国家,不同民族的人们刻的影响(张新时,1995)。近年来,不同民族对植对自然