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1、LessonsfromHurricaneKatrinaStormSurgeonBridgesandBuildings1234IanN.Robertson;H.RonaldRiggs;SolomonC.S.Yim;andYinLuYoungAbstract:ThestormsurgeassociatedwithHurricaneKatrinacausedtremendousdamagealongtheGulfCoastinLouisiana,Mississippi,andAlabama.Similardamag
2、ewasobservedsubsequenttotheIndianOceantsunamiofDecember26,2004.Inordertogainabetterunderstandingoftheperformanceofengineeredstructuressubjectedtocoastalinundationduetotsunamiorhurricanestormsurge,thewriterssurveyeddamagetobridges,buildings,andothercoastalin
3、frastructuresubsequenttoHurricaneKatrina.Numerouslessonswerelearnedfromanalysisoftheobserveddamage,andthesearereportedherein.AnumberofstructuresexperiencedsigniÞcantstructuraldamageduetostormsurgeandwaveaction.Structuralmemberssubmergedduringtheinundationwe
4、resubjectedtosigniÞcanthydro-staticupliftforcesduetobuoyancy,enhancedbytrappedairpockets,andtohydrodynamicupliftforcesduetowaveaction.Anyßoatingormobileobjectinthenearshore/onshoreareascanbecomeßoatingdebris,affectingstructuresintwoways:impactandwaterdammin
5、g.Foundationsoilsandfoundationsystemsareatriskfromshear-andliquefaction-inducedscour,unlessdesignedappropriately.DOI:10.1061/ASCE0733-950X2007133:6463CEDatabasesubjectheadings:Stormsurge;Hurricanes;Tsunamis;Coastalstructures;Hydraulicloads;Debris;Stru
6、cturalfailures.Introductionbarge-mountedcasinos,whensubjectedtoHurricaneKatrinastormsurge.OurinvestigationdidnotincludetheeffectsofßoodinginNewOrleanssincethiswasaresultofleveefailure,Generalandnotdirectlyduetostormsurgeandwaveactionontheaf-HurricaneKatrina
7、islikelytobethemostexpensivenaturaldi-fectedbuildings.SimilarpostdisasterassessmentsarecommonsasterinU.S.history.Itdevelopedasacategory5stormintheafterhurricaneandtsunamieventsFEMA2006a;DenglerandGulfofMexicobeforemakinglandfallontheborderbetweenMagoon2005
8、;Rogers2005;TezakandRogers2005;SaatciogluLouisianaandMississippiasacategory3stormFEMA2006a,b.etal.2005;however,theprimaryfocushasnormallybeentheAsexpectedfromastormofthismagnitude,therewasconsider-p
